Term PL Flashcards
the process by which seats in the house of representatives are distributed along fifty states
apportionment
the political process that results form dividing a legislature into tow separate assemblies
bicameralism
proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature
bill
a parliamentary process to end a debate in the Senate as a measure against the filibuster invoked when three fifths of senator vote for motion
cloture
the relationship between congress and the United States as a whole and whether the institution itself represents the American people
collective representation
a special type of joint committee that reconciles different bills passed in the house and senate so a single bill results
conference committee
the body of voters or conistituents represented by a particular politician
constituency
a model of representation in which representatives feel compelled to act on the specific stated wishes of the rcontituents
delegate model of presentation
the extent to which a body of representatives represent the descriptive characteristics of their constituencies such as class race ethnicity and gender
descriptive representation
the powers given explicitly to the federal government by the constitution to regulate interstate and foreign commerce raise and support armies declare war coin money and conduct foreign affairs
enumerated powers
a parliamentary maneuver used in teh senate to extend debate on a piece of legislation as long as possible typically with the intended purpose of obstructing or killing it
filibuster
the powers not specifically detailed in teh US constitution but inferred as necessary to achieve the objectives of the national government
implied powers
the powers neither numerated more implied but assumed to exist as a direct result of the countrys existence
inherent powers
legislative committee consisting of member from both chambers that investigates certain topics but lack bill referral authority
joint committee
the leader of a majority party in either er the house or senate in the house the majority leader serves under the speaker of the house in the senate the majority leader is the functional leader and chief spokesperson of the majority party
majority leader
the amending and voting process in.a congressional committee
markup
the party member who direct the activities of the minority part on the floor of either the house or the senate
minority leader
the right review monitor other bodies such as the executive branch
oversight
a mode of representation in which members of congress act as either trustee or delegate based on rational political calculations about who is best served the constituency or the nation
politico model of representation
federal spending intended to benefit a particular district or set of constituents
pork barrel politics
the senator who acts in the absence of the actual president of eh senate who is also the Vice President of het United States teh president proptempore is usually the most senior senator of the majority of the party
president pro tempore
a small legislative committee created to fulfill a specific purpose and then disbanded also called an ad hoc or special committee
select committee
an elected leaders looking out for his or constituents while carrying outage duties of the office
representation
the presiding officer of the hosue of representatives and the leader of the majority party the speaker is second in the presidential line of succession after the Vice President
speaker of the house
a permanent legislative committee that meets regularly
standing committee
a theory proposing that the surge of stimulation occurring during presidential election s subsides during midterm elections accounting for the difference we observe in turnouts and results
surge and decline theory
a model of representation in which representatives feel at liberty to act in the way they believe islets for their consituents
trustee model of representation
in the house an din the senate a high leadership position whose primary duty is to enforce voting discipline in the chambers and conference
whip
Theodore rossevels notion of the presidency as a platform form which the president could push and agenda
bully pulpit
a group of advisors to the president consisting of themes senior appointed officers often executive branch who head the fifteen executive departments
cabinet
an international agreement between the president and another country made by the executive branch and without formal consent by the senate
executive agreement
the administrative organization the reports directly too the president and made-up of important offices units and staff of the current president and head by the White House chief of staff
executive office of the president
a rule or order issued by the president without the cooperation of congress and having the force of law
executive order
the presidents right to withhold information from congress the judiciary or the public
executive privilege
a term for when the president delivers a major television address in the hope that public pressure will result in legislators supporting 4th president on a major piece of legislation
going public
teh act of charging a government official with serious wrong doing which n some cases may lead to the removal of th at official from office
impeachment
an informal meeting held in the nineteenth centery sometimes called a congressional caucus made up of legislators int eh congress who met decide on presidential nominee for their repressive parties
king caucus
a power create thorough law in 1996 and overturned by the Supreme Court in 1998 that allowed the president to veto specific aspects of bills passed by congress while signing into law what remained
line item veto
an office within the executive office of the president charged with producing the president’s budget overseeing its implementation and overseeing the executive bureaucracy
office of management and budget
a spike in presidential popularity during international crises
rally around the flag effect
a statement a president issues with the intent to influence the way a specific bill teh president signs should be enforced
signing statement
a veto that allows a governor to send a bill back to legislature with a message requesting a specific amendment
amendatory veto
a document that provides a framework and detailed account of local government responsibilities and areas of authority
charter
an elected commission that serves as the governing body with ing a given county
commission system
caps allowing a member of legislature too erve for only. specified period of time in either the state house or senate and foreign a wait before the member can rune again
consecutive term limits
an elected council the appoints an administrators to oversee the operation of the county government
council administrators system
a county government in which voters elect both the members of the council and the executive
council elected executive system
a structure of government in which elected members of the city council appoint a city magnet to carry out adminstratve funtions
council manager system
a legislator who represents the will of those who elected him or her to office andantes in their expressed interest even when it goes against a personal belief about
delegate legislator
a legal principle that hold state power and action above those of local governments and declares state governments tore sovereign relative to local governments
Dillion rule
those powers a governor may exercise that are specifically outline in the state constitution or state law
formal powers
principle that provides local governments some degree of independence forms eh state government typically detailed in a charter
home rule
those powers a governor may exercise that are specifically outline in the state constitution or state law
formal powers
a principle that provides local government some degree of independence from teh state typically detailed in a charter
home rule
those powers not specifically detailed enthuse constitution but inferred as necessary to achieve the objective of the national government
implied powers
a culture that views the government as a mechanism of raddressing issues that matter to individual citizens and for pursuing individual goals
individualist political culture
a rule that members can serve only one time in theta legislature for the number of years allotted and may not run again
lifetime ban
a state governors ability to strike out a lien or individual portions of a bill while letting the remainder pass into law
line item veto
a sturcture of government in which both city council members and the mayor are elected by voters
mayor council system
a culture that views the government asa means together society and promote the general welfare
moralistic political culture
a governors authority to reduce the amount budgeted in a piece of legislation
reduction veto
a governors action to absolve someone of blame for a crime and secure his or her release from prison
pardon
rules that restrict the length of time a member can serve in the state legislature
termlimit
a culture that views the government as necessary to maintaining the existing social orders or the status quo
traditionalistic political culture
