TERM 4 - UNIT 3 Food resources Flashcards
What is food security?
All people have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food
Name 3 concepts on which FOOD SECURITY is built
> food AVAILIBILITY
ACCESS to food and having enough resources
how to USE the food
Government has introduced feeding schemes in schools. It aims to foster better quality education.
What is the AIM of the feeding schemes?
- stop short-term hunger
- providing an incentive for kids to go to school
- enhancing children’s learning capacity
What do small scale farmers need to ensure sustainable food production?
water
seeds
soil
Name 3 countries in Africa where the state of hunger is very HIGH
+ Democratic Republic of CONGO
+ Somalia
+ Ethiopia
+ Chad
South American country with worst HUNGER index
Bolivia
What is the hunger index for South Africa?
Moderate
Which province in SA has the least proportion of hungry households
Limpopo
Give examples of SUSTAINABLE FARMING techniques
- rotational grazing
- crop rotation
- natural pest predators
(all of these techniques helps with the balance between plant and animal)
What is the GENETIC MODIFICATION (GM) of crops?
Crops being helped through science so humans can benefit from the best of the production (EXAMPLE: farmer breed from the BEST bull in the herd or FIRMEST tomato used to bred)
What is GENETIC ENGINEERING?
Using modern DNA technology - introducing foreign of synthetic genes into a plant/animal
Name a few ADVANTAGES of genetic engineering
- need less fertiliser & water
- faster growth
- better flavour
- more resistant to plant disease
Name a few DISADVANTAGES of genetic engineering
- irreversible genetic effects
- lower nutrition
- fresh seeds are expensive
- harmful poisons in food
- create resistant weeds
Why can GM technologies alone not ensure food security?
Economy, politics and farming methods plays a big part
What is salmonella?
food poisoning, causing diarrhoea, vomiting & cramps
What is HIGH STOCKING DENSITY?
lots of animals or birds are kept in a SMALL area
What is factory farming?
Process of having livestock (chickens / cattle) in a small area
Name a few DISADVANTAGES of FACTORY FARMING
- animals not treated well
- overcrowding leads to diseases
- chemicals and antibiotics used
- not normal lifestyles
- develop new antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria
(including salmonella) = this affects the health of
farm workers and consumers eating the food
Name a few ADVANTAGES of FACTORY FARMING
- population’s DEMANDS fulfilled
- inexpensive production of meat
- more “meaty” animal flesh
What is MONOCULTURE?
Growing ONE crop year after year
Sustainable farming uses appropriate technologies and farming techniques. Name a few common sustainable farming techniques
Crop rotation = move crops on the same land
Cover crops = planted when land is not being used or
between rows of crops
Soil enrichment = adding natural fertilizers (manure)
Natural pest predators
Sustainable farming must have specific factors. Name a few.
- Satisfy food needs
- profitable
- improve quality of life for farmers
- best use of non-renewable resources
What is sustainable farming NOT?
- use of chemical fertilisers & pesticides
- monoculture farming
- over-grazing
- making profits without caring for the future
- wasting scare resources (water)
- farming without caring for the environment
