Term 3 Rocks D1

Question 1

Recall the processes involved in the formation rocks

Answer 1

weathering, erosion, deposition, melting, crystallisation, cooling, compaction and cementation.

Question 2

Recall the different types of weathering and give an example of each

Answer 2

Biological – tree roots, enzymes
chemical – chemicals in the air, water and soil reacting with minerals in the rock (CO2, O2
physical – wind, temperature change, ice & water, crystallisation of salts

Question 3

Recall the 3 different types of rocks

Answer 3

sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous

Question 4

Recall the layers of the earth

Answer 4

Crust, mantle, inner core, outer core

Question 5

Recall that rocks are

Answer 5

a collection of different minerals

Question 6

Recall how igneous rocks form

Answer 6

intrusive - below the surface – cools very slowly forming large crystals
and
Extrusive – above the surface – lava cools rapidly forming very small crystals or no crystals

Question 7

Recall the characteristics of igneous rocks

Answer 7

Hard (because of the types of)
Strong (because of the mineral crystals)
Contain interlocking crystals (crystals have grown into each other)

Question 8

Recall examples of igneous rocks

Answer 8

Obsidian, pumice, scoria, basalt
Granite,

Question 9

Recall the characteristics of sedimentary rocks

Answer 9

Made from weathered rock that has been compacted (pressure & cement).
Usually contains layers (strata) and contains fossils

Question 10

Recall the characteristics of metamorphic rocks

Answer 10

Very hard
contains crystals (may be distorted -foliated)
may contain precious stones (diamonds, rubies, sapphires)

Question 11

Recall examples of metamorphic rocks

Answer 11

Schnist, gneiss, slate, marble

Question 12

Describe how fossils are formed

Answer 12

Fossils form when dead plants or animals are deposited in water and covered with sediment removing all the O2, preserving the specimen. It is then compacted (pressure) and cemented becoming petrified (turning into rock).

Question 13

Describe where fossils are most likely to be found

Answer 13

In sedimentary rock such as limestone, mudstone and shale

Question 14

Recall how metamorphic rocks form

Answer 14

form when igneous or sedimentary rock are altered by high temperature and pressure
dynamic (pressure points), regional (large areas) and contact (small areas of rock that come into contact with magma) metamorphism

Question 15

Compare chemical, clastic and biogenic sedimentary rocks

Write down

Answer 15

All 3 types of sedimentary rock are formed from weathered, eroded and deposited sediments that have been compacted and cemented. They layers (strata) and may contain fossils but are different in the type of sediment they contain. Chemical sedimentary contains interlocking crystals whereas Clastic sedimentary rock contains clasts (pieces if rock) and so no interlocking grains. Biogenic sedimentary rock contains organic matter (dead plant and animals.

Question 16

Contrast erosion & weathering

Write Down

Answer 16

Weathering is the breaking down of rock into small pieces by physical, chemical and biological processes whereas erosion is the transportation of rock particles from one place to another by wind, water or ice.

Question 17

Contrast different igneous rocks to identify specific rock and whether they are intrusive or extrusive

Answer 17

intrusive igneous rocks will have large crystals
whereas
Extrusive igneous rocks will have small crystals or no crystals

Question 18

Construct a diagram to represent the rock cycle