teratology

Question 1

Rubella – Landmark Studies

Answer 1

• Link between congenital cataracts and intrauterine rubella  demonstrated congenital malformations can be caused by env. Factors

Question 2

valproic acid

Answer 2

Valproic acid is prescribed to treat bipolar disorder and is an anticonvulsant drug.

1-2% of infants exposed in utero will be born with spinal bifida or other neural tube defects.

Question 3

most sensitive age in utero to teratogens

Answer 3

period of embryogenesis (when organs are forming)

highest risk during 3-8 weeks

Question 4

rubella virus causes…

Answer 4

cataracts
glaucoma
heart defects
deafness
tooth abnormalities

Question 5

cytomegalovirus causes

Answer 5

infection is often fatal

causes microcephaly
blindness
mental retardation

Question 6

HSV causes

Answer 6

microphthalmia
microcephaly
retinal dysplasia

Question 7

is body temperature teratogenic?

Answer 7

elevated body temperature can be!

Question 8

features of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 8

• Viral infection of the placenta
• All cells of fetus infected after maternal viral infection
• high damage in first trimester
o Cataracts, glaucoma, heart defects, deafness, tooth abnormalities

Question 9

thalidomide causes

Answer 9

flipper arms(phocomelia)/limb defects
heart malformations

Question 10

amphetamines cause

Answer 10

cleft lip and palate

heart defects

Question 11

cocaine causes

Answer 11

growth retardation

microcephaly

Question 12

lead causes

Answer 12

growth retardation

neurological disorders

Question 13

alcohol causes

Answer 13

fetal alcohol syndrome
heart defects
mental retardation

Question 14

retinoic acid causes (isotretinoin)

Answer 14

used to treat acne
high rate of spontaneous abortion
and microcephaly, cleft palate, intellectual disability and heart, ear, and thymus abnormalities

Question 15

hyperthermia causes

Answer 15

Anencephaly, spina bifida, mental retardation, facial defects, cardiac abnormalities, limb defects

Question 16

xrays cause

Answer 16

Microcephaly, spina bifida, cleft palate, limb defects

Question 17

fetal alcohol syndrome signs

Answer 17

depressed nasal bridge, short nose, flat midface, indistinct philtrum, thin upper lip
o Alcohol is the leading cause of mental retardation

Question 18

DES

Answer 18

malformation of the uterus, uterine tubes, and upper vagina
vaginal cancer
malformed testes

Question 19

how to lower risk of neural tube defect?

Answer 19

folate supplement