Teratogens

Question 1

Lithium

Answer 1

Ebstein’s, fetal goiter

Question 2

Valproate

Answer 2

Neural tube defects, cardiac defects, dvlp delay

Question 3

SSRI

Answer 3

PPHN, NAS, ADHD, craniosynostosis, anencephaly, possible Arnold-Chiari I

Question 4

Warfarin

Answer 4

hydantoin syndrome + epiphyseal stippling, agenesis of corpus collosum, anemia/bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency

Question 5

ACEi (-prils)

Answer 5

In first trimester: congenital heart disease, CNS malformations
In second and third trimesters: severe renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios, anuria, hypotension, skull ossification defects, IUGR, fetal death

**ARB’s are okay in the 1st trimester, but have similar probs in the 2nd

Question 6

Carbamazepine

Answer 6

neural tube defects, IUGR, craniofacial defects, developmental delays

Question 7

Beta blockers

Answer 7

hypoglycemia

Question 8

Methimazole

Answer 8

cutis aplasia, esophageal atresia, choanal atresia

Question 9

Salicylates

Answer 9

gastroschisis, premature closure of PDA

Question 10

What medication is causes nephrocalcinosis? What treats it?

Answer 10

Lasix

thiazide

Question 11

PTU

Answer 11

liver failure

Question 12

Phenobarbital

Answer 12

cleft lip/palate, decreased vitamin K transfer

Question 13

Phenytoin

Answer 13

digit/nail hypoplasia (funny nails), microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, cleft palate

Question 14

fetal alcohol syndrome - what pathway causes midline defects?

Answer 14

sonic hedgehog

Question 15

isoretrinoin

Answer 15

craniofacial stuff