Teratogens Flashcards
ACE inhibitors
renal damage
akylating agents
absence of digits
aminoglycosides
CN VIII toxicity
carbamazepine (there’s a lot)
neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR
DES
vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies
folate antagonists
neural tube defects
lithium
Ebstein anomaly (atrialized RV)
methimazole
aplasia cutis congenita (absence of skin/hair in an area)
phenytoin (there’s a lot)
fetal hydantoin syndrome, microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalagnes, cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability
tetracyclines
discolored teeth
thalidomide
limb defects (flipper limbs)
valproate
neural tube defects
warfarin (there’s a lot)
bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities
alcohol
FAS, birth defects, ID
cocaine
abnormal fetal growth, fetal addiction, placental abruption
smoking
low birth weight, preterm labor, IUGR, ADHD, placental problems
maternal diabetes
caudal regression syndrome, congenital heart defects, neural tube defects
excess Vit A
high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects like cleft palate and CV problems
X-rays
microcephaly, ID
When are babies most susceptible to teratogens?
embryonic period 3rd-8th week
