Teratogens

Question 1

ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

renal damage

Question 2

akylating agents

Answer 2

absence of digits

Question 3

aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CN VIII toxicity

Question 4

carbamazepine (there’s a lot)

Answer 4

neural tube defects, craniofacial defects, fingernail hypoplasia, developmental delay, IUGR

Question 5

DES

Answer 5

vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

folate antagonists

Answer 6

neural tube defects

Question 7

lithium

Answer 7

Ebstein anomaly (atrialized RV)

Question 8

methimazole

Answer 8

aplasia cutis congenita (absence of skin/hair in an area)

Question 9

phenytoin (there’s a lot)

Answer 9

fetal hydantoin syndrome, microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalagnes, cardiac defects, IUGR, intellectual disability

Question 10

tetracyclines

Answer 10

discolored teeth

Question 11

thalidomide

Answer 11

limb defects (flipper limbs)

Question 12

valproate

Answer 12

neural tube defects

Question 13

warfarin (there’s a lot)

Answer 13

bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Question 14

alcohol

Answer 14

FAS, birth defects, ID

Question 15

cocaine

Answer 15

abnormal fetal growth, fetal addiction, placental abruption

Question 16

smoking

Answer 16

low birth weight, preterm labor, IUGR, ADHD, placental problems

Question 17

maternal diabetes

Answer 17

caudal regression syndrome, congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

Question 18

excess Vit A

Answer 18

high risk for spontaneous abortions and birth defects like cleft palate and CV problems

Question 19

X-rays

Answer 19

microcephaly, ID

Question 20

When are babies most susceptible to teratogens?

Answer 20

embryonic period 3rd-8th week