Kidney stones/urine casts

Question 1

Casts in glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

RBC casts

Question 2

Casts in bladder cancer, kidney stones

Answer 2

Trick question! hematuria but NO casts

Question 3

Casts in acute cystitis

Answer 3

Trick question! pyuria but NO casts

Question 4

Casts in tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis

Answer 4

WBC casts

Question 5

Casts in transplant rejection

Answer 5

WBC casts

Question 6

Casts in ischemia or malignant HTN

Answer 6

RBC casts

Question 7

Casts in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 7

Fatty (oval fat body) casts

Question 8

Casts in acute tubular necrosis

Answer 8

Granular (muddy brown) casts

Question 9

Casts in advanced renal disease/chronic renal failure

Answer 9

Waxy casts

Question 10

Casts in concentrated urine samples

Answer 10

Hyaline casts

Question 11

Calcium phosphate stones precipitate at ____ pH

Answer 11

high pH

Question 12

Calcium oxalate stones precipitate at ____ pH

Answer 12

low pH

Question 13

Envelope/dumbell shaped stones

Answer 13

calcium

Question 14

Stones due to ethylene glycol

Answer 14

calcium oxalate

Question 15

Stones due to vit C abuse

Answer 15

calcium oxalate

Question 16

Stones due to Crohn’s disease

Answer 16

calcium oxalate

Question 17

Coffin lid stones

Answer 17

Ammonium magnesium phosphate aka struvite

Question 18

Stones due to infection with urease + bugs

Answer 18

ammonium magnesium phosphate

Question 19

Rhomboid/rosette stones

Answer 19

uric acid

Question 20

Stones that are radiolucent on xray

Answer 20

uric acid

Question 21

Hexagonal stones

Answer 21

cystine

Question 22

Can form stag horn calculi (2)

Answer 22

ammonium magnesium phosphate + cystine

Question 23

Ammonium magnesium phosphate stones precipitate at ___ pH.

Answer 23

high pH

Question 24

Uric acid stones precipitate at ___ pH.

Answer 24

low pH

Question 25

Cystine stones precipitate at ___ pH.

Answer 25

low pH

Question 26

Stones associated with arid climates

Answer 26

uric acid

Question 27

Stones associated with gout

Answer 27

uric acid

Question 28

Stones mostly seen in children

Answer 28

cystine

Question 29

MC stones

Answer 29

calcium

Question 30

Stones with + Na nitroprusside test

Answer 30

cystine