Kidney stones/urine casts Flashcards
Casts in glomerulonephritis
RBC casts
Casts in bladder cancer, kidney stones
Trick question! hematuria but NO casts
Casts in acute cystitis
Trick question! pyuria but NO casts
Casts in tubulointerstitial inflammation, acute pyelonephritis
WBC casts
Casts in transplant rejection
WBC casts
Casts in ischemia or malignant HTN
RBC casts
Casts in nephrotic syndrome
Fatty (oval fat body) casts
Casts in acute tubular necrosis
Granular (muddy brown) casts
Casts in advanced renal disease/chronic renal failure
Waxy casts
Casts in concentrated urine samples
Hyaline casts
Calcium phosphate stones precipitate at ____ pH
high pH
Calcium oxalate stones precipitate at ____ pH
low pH
Envelope/dumbell shaped stones
calcium
Stones due to ethylene glycol
calcium oxalate
Stones due to vit C abuse
calcium oxalate
Stones due to Crohn’s disease
calcium oxalate
Coffin lid stones
Ammonium magnesium phosphate aka struvite
Stones due to infection with urease + bugs
ammonium magnesium phosphate
Rhomboid/rosette stones
uric acid
Stones that are radiolucent on xray
uric acid
Hexagonal stones
cystine
Can form stag horn calculi (2)
ammonium magnesium phosphate + cystine
Ammonium magnesium phosphate stones precipitate at ___ pH.
high pH
Uric acid stones precipitate at ___ pH.
low pH
