Tensegrity (Ludwig/D.Kanze)

Question 1

Compressional continuity

Answer 1

foundation is in the ground, firm base from which everything is built

maintained by gravity

movement in this system sucks

Question 2

tensional integrity

Answer 2

structure is supported internally

constant and continuous tension in the system suspends and supports the structure

allows for movement

Question 3

three types of forces?

Answer 3

stretching, shearing, and pulling

Question 4

why is tensegrity a better model for movement?

Answer 4

better energy conversation (system doesn’t have to rebuild)

whole system shifts so that no one single piece bears the force

force doesn’t go straight down, but all around

Question 5

components of the tensegrity model?

Answer 5

discontinuous compression bearing elements

- rigid struts
- tenses the cables

continuous tension bearing elements

- cables connecting the rigid struts
- compresses the rigid stuts

Question 6

what is the reciprocal tension in tensegrity?

Answer 6

struts pulling on cables and the cables pulling on struts

Question 7

pre-stress

Answer 7

all elements in the tensegrity model are already stressed

Question 8

continuous elements?

Answer 8

tension bearing elements

Question 9

discontinuous elements

Answer 9

compression bearing elements

Question 10

self-assembly

Answer 10

phenomenon where components join together to form larger and more stable structures

often done to allow for the lowest energy
ex/ bilaminar lipid layer

Question 11

key concepts of tensegrity**

Answer 11

tension is continuously transmitted across all members of the structure

change in one component changes tension in all structure regardless of their location

tensegrity structure repositions itself or changes conformation to best withstand stress and offer maximal strength for give amount of building material (energy efficient)

Question 12

role of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 12

has many components that are involved in mechanotransduction

-change a mechanical force to a chemical signal

Question 13

biological discontinuous elements?

Answer 13

microtubules, ECM adhesion molecules, bones

Question 14

biological continuous elements?

Answer 14

microfilaments, intermediate filament, muscles, ligaments, fascia

Question 15

mechanotransduction

Answer 15

cells respond to mechanical forces by altering their chemical activities

Question 16

Tensegrity

Answer 16

the constant and continuous tension in the system suspends and supports the structure

system support internally

more movement allowed

does not have to rebuild

no one piece bears brunt of a force, force in all directions (so protective mechanism such as in a car accident)

Question 17

3 Forces in tensegrity

Answer 17

Shearing
Stretching
Pulling

Question 18

Two models of tensegrity

Answer 18

Geodesic dome

Pre-stressed structure

Question 19

Components of Tensegrity model

Answer 19

Discontinuous compression bearing elements (rigid struts, pulling on cables)

Continuous tension bearing elements (cables that interconnect rigid struts, push on the ends of struts)

Question 20

Pre-stress

Answer 20

each element is already stressed due to the reciprocal tension of the discontinuous compression bearing elements and the continuous tension bearing elements

Question 21

Self-assembly

Answer 21

components join together to form larger more stable structure

have new properties once assembled (example phospholipid bilayer becomes selectively permeable)

new properties cannot be properly understood without understanding how the system was assembled (structure and function)

Question 22

Changes in one component (compressive or tensile)….

Answer 22

changes tension in all structures regardless of their location in the structure.

***TENSION is continuosly trasmitted across all members of the structure

so it is energy efficient b/c the tensegrity structure changes to best withstand stress and offer maximal strength for a given amount of building material

Question 23

Mechanotransduction

Answer 23

cytoskeleton allows whole cell to respond at once to a mechanical force and change into a mechanical signal

Question 24

Discontinuous compression bearing elements

Answer 24

Microtubules (appear curved)
ECM adhesion molecules
Bones (separated by spaces and ligaments)

tense the tension bearing elements

Question 25

Continuous tension bearing elements

Answer 25

microfilaments (appear linear in long stress fibers and triangulated in geodomes)
intermediate fibers (appear as a reticulated network)
muscles
ligaments
fascia

compress the compression bearing elements

Question 26

Mechanical forces in disease state

Answer 26

HTN (tissues resistant than blood is harder to pump to and through them)
Osteoporosis (bone can’t respond to forces placed on it)
Heart failure (decreased contractility)

Question 27

Kinetic chain

Answer 27

describes the anatomical connections b/w areas of the body and how they are transmitted along them

Question 28

somatic dysfunction

Answer 28

Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system: skeletal, arthrodial and myofascial structures, and their related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements.

Question 29

osteopathic treatment and tensegrity model

Answer 29

pain can be felt anywhere, even far from original insult

must look at WHOLE patient

Question 30

Approaching the pt

Answer 30

Screening (landmarks, gait analysis)
Diagnosing (global listening)
Treatment (myofascial release, etc.)

Question 31

By it’s action we live and by its failure we die

Answer 31

fascia