Principles/Tenets of OPP (Jons-Cox/Ludwig)

Question 1

**read the pages on definition of osteopathy

Answer 1

do it

Question 2

Tenets of Osteopathy

Answer 2

1 body is a unit (body, mind, and spirit)
2 body capable of self-regulation
3 structure and function are reciprocally integrated
4 appropriate treatment is dependent on the above

Question 3

somatic dysfunction

Answer 3

impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic system (body framework)

skeletal, arthrodial, myofascial structures and related vascular, lymphatic, and neural elements

"somatic" = body
"dysfunction" = impaired function

Question 4

TART Concept?

Answer 4

T - tissue texture abnormalities
A - asymmetry
R - restriction of motion
T - tenderness

Question 5

acute somatic dysfunction?

Answer 5

warmth, tenderness/pain, edema, subQ tension (superficial)

swelling, hypertonicity (deep)

Question 6

chronic somatic dysfunction?

Answer 6

cool, minimal tenderness/pain, fibrotic changes, diminished tone
-superficial changes

notably decreased motion, fibrotic changes, contractures
-deep changes

Question 7

when is asymmetry assessed?

Answer 7

when patient is standing, from a distance

always a static, positional finding

Question 8

when do you assess restriction of motion?

Answer 8

during motion testing

joint does not move freely

Question 9

when do you assess tenderness?

Answer 9

during palpation

Question 10

active motion

Answer 10

motion without assistance

Question 11

passive motion

Answer 11

doctor moves patient without patient assistance

moving muscles while they are relaxed

Question 12

physiologic barrier

Answer 12

limit of active motion

the most you can turn your head to the left

Question 13

anatomic barrier

Answer 13

limit of movement dictated by anatomical structures

beyond the anatomic barrier muscles and ligaments tear and bones break

Question 14

restrictive barrier

Answer 14

impediment to the physiologic barrier that reduces active motion
-or causes loss of motion

**somatic dysfunction causes restrictive barriers

Question 15

where is the passive range of motion?

Answer 15

somewhere between the physiological and anatomic barrier

Question 16

spinal facilitation

Answer 16

somatic dysfunction manifests in the spinal cord

pool of neurons maintained in a state of partial/sub-threshold excitation
-less stimulation necessary to trigger pain

facilitation results from sustained neural irritation and becomes normal CNS activity

Question 17

two main theories of somatic dysfunction?

Answer 17

proproiceptive and nociceptive

Question 18

proprioceptive

Answer 18

where your body is in space

involves the muscle spindles (inside muscle belly) and golgi tendon organs (outside muscle belly)

Question 19

nociceptive

Answer 19

your pain sense

Question 20

proprioceptive theory

Answer 20

1 trauma/abnormal movement

2 CNS resets the neural activity, which maintains the dysfunction

3 results in shorter resting muscle length and increased muscle tone (somatic dysfunction)

brain thinks the muscle is the normal length even though it is shortened, and when stretced beyond then it causes pain

Question 21

nociceptive theory

Answer 21

nociception - ability to feel pain (caused by stimulating nociceptor)

abnormal joint movements cause nociceptors stimulation (trying to compensate for pain)
-results in pain

pain is usually generated by the adapting part of the body

Question 22

where there is TART…

Answer 22

there is somatic dysfunction

Question 23

coronal

Answer 23

anterior and posterior

Question 24

sagittal

Answer 24

left and right

Question 25

transverse

Answer 25

upper and lower portions of body

Question 26

true or false

tenderness is always present during somatic dysfunction

Answer 26

False

Question 27

symptom vs signs

Answer 27

symptoms pt tells you

signs are something you find during physical exam

Question 28

what happens to physiological barrier and passive range of motion when you have restrictive barrier

Answer 28

they both become shortened and off center and now have a new active range of motion as well as passive rom

new neutral*** established equal range of motion on both sides

Question 29

muscle spindle

Answer 29

proprioceptive receptor located in middle of muscle belly

can sense and control length, motion and position from within the muscle belly in relation to relative muscle length

Question 30

golgi tendon organ

Answer 30

proprioceptive receptor located outside muscle belly

fires during muscle contraction and supplies info about stretch and tension

Question 31

Somatic dysfunction is…

Answer 31

your osteopathic diagnosis

Question 32

TART is how you find…

Answer 32

somatic dysfunction