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OPP exam 1 > Everything from Treatment models on... > Flashcards

Everything from Treatment models on... Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency to stability in the normal body states of the organism

normal response to every day changes in physiologic conditions required for survival

maintained by negative feedback

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2
Q

allostasis

A

physical and physiologic adaptations made by the body in response to stress

required for survival

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3
Q

Allostatic load

A

stress

environmental challenges causing an organism to adapt to maintain stability

activates the SNS and hypothalmic-pituitary axis

allows for survival short term (flight or fight shit)

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4
Q

chronic repeated allostatic load….

A

neuroendocrine adaptations

gradual loss of effectivness of feedback pathways

long term can cause damage to hippocampus

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5
Q

Damage to hippocampus

A

spacial awareness and amnesia

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6
Q

determining allostatic load burden

A 
blood pressure
waist to hip ratio (goes up)
cholesterol
norepinephrine/epinephrine go up
etc.
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7
Q

High allostatic loads correlate with…

A

lower cognitive/physical functioning

less room for adaptation

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8
Q

How does increased allostatic load exert its effects…

A 
Increase SNS activity
Increase BP
increase obesity--> mediated by cortisol
more clot formation
increased atherosclerosis (cholesterol builds up in arteries)
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9
Q

increased SNS activity causes

A

HTN
Left ventricular hypertrophy
CHF
atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Epigenetics and allostatic load

A

stress effects the expression of DNA via epigenetics

also our stress level can affect future generations

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11
Q

Functions of OMT

A

reduces allostatic load

decreases stimulation of nociceptors, mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors

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12
Q

how does OMT decrease allostatic load

A

removes mechanical barriers to flow and nerve function

balances ANS

decreased inflammatory markers

increase beta-endorphins

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13
Q

5 treatment models of OMT

A

1) Biomechanical/Postural/Structural
2) Neurological
3) Respiratory/Circulatory
4) Metabolic/Nutritional/Bioenergetic
5) Psycho-behavioral

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14
Q

which treatment model do i use?

A

Can use more than one…

type of SD
How SD was induced
Sills as osteopath
and WHAT PT WANTS

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15
Q

how do decrease allostatic load

A 
nutrition, dark chocolate
exercise
sleep
avoid toxins
relationships
OMT
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16
Q

what does somatic dysfunction do to SNS

A

increases SNS outflow which leads to increased allostatic load

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17
Q

how do allopaths look at disease continuum vs. how osteopaths look at disease continuum

A

Allopaths–> equal between healthy and disease

osteopaths–> larger distance between health and disease because bodies want to be healthy and work to keep us healthy

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18
Q

what do DO’s do

A

assist pt’s achieve harmony and homeostasis

we don’t really heal anyone

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19
Q

average expectancy of doctors

A

58

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20
Q

reccomended amount of physical activity for adults

A

minimum 30 min moderate/intense activity 5 days per week
OR
minimum of 20 minutes vigorous intensity aerobic activity 3 days per week

must also consider strength training, flexibility, and neuromotor exercises

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21
Q

how often should you do muscle strength (resistance training) exercises

A

2-3 days per week

8-12 repititions

rest 48-72 hours between sessions

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22
Q

how often should you do flexibility exercises

A

2-3 days per week

for postural stability
hold static stretches 10-30 seconds

repeat each stretch 2-4 times

23
Q

Benefits of physical activity

A

burn fat
build additional blood supply
increase cellular energy production (increase mitochondria)
improve inflammatory markers (antiinflammatory)

24
Q

how does resistance training affect the bodies hormones?

A

reduces stress hormones of body (like cortisol)

release growth hormone

25
Q

if you don’t exercise….

A

you smoke

long-term costs of obesity may match or exceed those of smoking

26
Q

what is moderate activity

A 
3.0-5.9 MET's 
64-76% maximum heart rate
walking 1.5-2.0 miles in 30 minutes
10,000 steps a day
needs to occur in bouts lasting at least 10 minutes
27
Q

Commencement and progression of a moderate activity regimen

A

begin slowly
15 minutes per day
increase time, distance and intensity by no more than 10 percent per week

28
Q

Current reccomendations for fruit and vegetable consumption

A

9 servings of fruits and vegetables per day for adults (so eat 4.5 cups of fruits and vegetables per day)

5 for children

1 serving is 1/2 cup

29
Q

why eat fruits and vegetables??

A

Antioxidant- reduce oxidative stress
improve immune function (fewer colds, get better faster)
reduce DNA damage- anti-aging

30
Q

Nutrition choices that improve health

A 
reduce sugar
reduce saturated fats
avoid trans fats
reduce corn sunflower, cottonseed or safflower oil
increase olive oil or canola oil
limit alcohol intake
31
Q

recommended limit on alcohol intake

A

no more than 2 drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for women

32
Q

health benefits of omega 3’s

A

may decrease exercise induced bronchoconstriction in athletes
positive effects on immune function

33
Q

Vitamin D3

A

1000-5000 IU/Day

may improve cognitive function, reduce asthma
and improve immune function

34
Q

carbohydrate intake reccommendation for athletes

A

6-10 g/kg body weight per day

need to individualize

35
Q

protein intake reccommendation

A

for athletes 1.2-1.7 g/kg weight/day

36
Q

fats how much?>

A

range from 20-35 percent of total daily caloric intake

37
Q

water intake

A

adults need 10-12 8 oz. glasses per day
children need minimum 4-6 8 oz glasses/day

begin with 4 eight oz. glasses/day
increase 1 glass every 2 days until target reached

38
Q

Sleep loss results in…

A

early death
elevated cortisol levels

increases inflammatory cytokines IL6

contributes to RA, cancer, heart disease, alzheimer’s

fatigue, irritability

39
Q

decreased water intake results in…

A 
headache
constipation
fat deposition
toxin accumulation
heat stroke/heat exhaustion
40
Q

how much sleep?

A

7-8 hours per night
children need 10-12

no TV
cool, dark room
wake up go to bed same time

41
Q

Magnesium importance?

A

magnesium citrate may be used to help with sleep

males 420 mg/day
females 320 mg/day

important for hormones, neurotransmitter and immune function

42
Q

probiotics benefits

A

assist in nutrient absorption into bloodstream

allow intestinal cells to function properly

form barrier against harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites

play a role in food allergies

eat at least 2-3 servings per day (yogurt)

43
Q

ergogenic aids

A

athletes use these to improve their athletic performance

over 46 percent of athletes use 1 or more of these

44
Q

No ergogenic effects

A

Protein supplements
Vitamin C
Chromium
DHEA

45
Q

Positive ergogenic effects

A 
Caffeine 
Creatinine
Ephedrine
Androstenedione
Anabolic steroids
Human growth homrone
Erythropoietin
46
Q

Caffeine

A

endurance athletes
increased time to exhaustion
3-15 mg/kg body weight
limits for athletes

47
Q

creatinine

A

sprinting
high intensity exercises
no effect on aerobic training

48
Q

ephedrine

A

may result in sudden death due to heat stroke

when combined with caffeine can increase speed time to exhaustion and reduced perceived exertion

banned

49
Q

Andro

A

precursor of testosterone and estrogen
banned
potentially increase muscle mass and strength

50
Q

anabolic steroids

A 
increase protein synthesis
they work
combined with weight lifting 
banned
can kill you
51
Q

Human growth hormone

A

banned
protein synthesis and lipolysis
many bad side effects

52
Q

erythropoietin

A

banned
rbc production in bone marrow to increase oxygen delivery
death via MI likely/possible

53
Q

OMM

A

can help athletes by improving function and motion

speedy recovery

not banned

OPP exam 1 (14 decks)

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