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BVetMed 3 Locomotor > Tendon & Ligament Disease > Flashcards

Tendon & Ligament Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the Interfascicular Matrix/ Endotenon’s?

A

Allows fascicles to slide & allows tendons to elongate

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2
Q

Which tendonous areas are most commonly affected by injuries?

A

Palmar/plantar in the metacarpal/ metatarsal region
and in the pastern area

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3
Q

What are the two types of tendon injury?

A

Percutaneous- laceration/ penetration, trauma
Subcutaneous- over strain injury (most common!)

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4
Q

What is characteristic of the stance/ gait of a horse with a tendon injury?

A

Metacarpopharyngeal joint extension aka sinking of the fetlock
Also elevated toes (more characteristic of a DDFT rupture)

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5
Q

What ultrasonography calibaration combination is best for viewing tendons?

A

High frequency with a linear transducer

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6
Q

On the physical and diagnostic exam, what would we expect to see in a superficial digital flexor tendinopathy?

A

Palmar metacarpal swelling when palpated
Core lesion in the centre of the tendon on ultrasound

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7
Q

What are the two types of deep digital flexor tendinopathy that we see?

A

Mid substance disruption
Marginal tears

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8
Q

What can cause Tenosynovitis? (3)

[inflammation of the fluid-filled synovium within the tendon sheath]

A

Idiopathic distension
Penetrating injuries & sepsis
Non septic inflammation secondary to tendon injury or annular ligament syndrome

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9
Q

What is Annular ligament syndrome (ALS)?

A

thickening of the palmar or plantar annular ligament (PAL)

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10
Q

What are the signs of Annular Ligament syndrome? (3)

A

Lameness
Distended digital sheath
Notch/ swelling at the level of the plantar annular ligament

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11
Q

What can cause an intra-thecal tendon tear?

A

inflammation of the tendon sheath leading to the outside of the tendon to split

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12
Q

Which areas of the forelimb and the hindlimb are commonly associated with intra-thecal tendon tears?

A

Forelimb- DDFT
Hindlimb- Manica Flexoria (this is the loop of the SFT that wraps around the DDFT just above the fetlock)

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13
Q

How can we diagnose an intra thecal tendon tear?

A

NOT ultrasound
We use contrast tenography

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14
Q

What are the signs of Acute Tendonitis?

A

lameness, pain, heat and swelling due to haemorrhage and inflammation

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15
Q

How is Acute Tendonitis best treated? (4)

A

Application of cold to reduce swelling
Compression to reduce oedema
NSAIDs

Short acting steroids - avoid ideally (laminitis)

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16
Q

Can we treat Acute Tendonitis surgically?

A

Yes- perform a percutaneous tendon splitting to help accelerate the resolution of the lesion

17
Q

When would we classify Tendonitis as being in the subacute/ reparative phase?

[specific time period]

A

1 week- 6 months

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Subacute Tendonitis?

A

Reduced lameness but tendon palpably enlarged and soft

19
Q

What are the aims when considering the treatment of Subacute Tendonitis?

A

Promote fibroplasia
Optimise the organisation of the scar

20
Q

How can we promote healing in Subacute Tendonitis?

A

Early, progressive exercise
Injection of growth factors such as platelet rich plasma
Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells

21
Q

When would we classify Tendonitis as Chronic/ in the Remodelling phase?

A

3-18 months
[expect quicker healing time/ shorter remodelling phase for a ligament vs tendon]

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of Chronic Tendonitis?

A

Decreased tendon size
Less pliable tendon
Reduced fetlock extension

23
Q

What can we do to accelerate the Remodelling/ Chronic phase of Tendonitis?

A

Desmotomy of the accessory ligament- cutting the ligament provides more length to the DDFT allowing the heel to be flatter on the floor

24
Q

What therapies can we use specifically for Proximal Suspensory Dermatitis?

A

Extracorpeal shock wave therapy
Fasciotomy and Neurectomy (cut nerve that comes from the proximal suspensory ligament)

25
Q

What are the two types of Distal Interpharyngeal Joint Flexural Deformity?

A

Type 1- dorsal hoof wall is less than vertical
Type 2- dorsal hoof wall is past vertical (tippy toes)

26
Q

How do we treat Distal Interpharyngeal Joint Flexural Deformity?

A

Type 1- physiotherapy, toe extension shoe, (can also do desmotomy but only if these methods don’t work)
Type 2- surgery!- Desmotomy of the Accessory ligament of the DDFT

27
Q

How can a horse get Metacarpophalangeal joint flexural deformity?

A

Congenital due to disparity between the lengths of the limb and length of the tendons
Acquired due to chronic SDFT tendinopathy

28
Q

What is the prognosis of a Metacarpopharyngeal joint flexural deformity?

A

Not great- can be challenging to treat

BVetMed 3 Locomotor (18 decks)

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