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BVetMed 3 Locomotor > Sheep, Goat & Pig Lameness > Flashcards

Sheep, Goat & Pig Lameness Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most common causes of lameness in sheep?

A

Scald
Footrot
CODD

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2
Q

What is scald?

A

[precursor for foot rot]- inflammation of the interdigital skin

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3
Q

How do we treat scald?

A

Topical oxytetracycline (can give systemic oxytetracycline to fully grown sheep as well as topical)

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4
Q

How is footrot different to scald?

A

Similar symptoms but progresses to the sole of the foot and underruns the hoof horn

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5
Q

What bacteria causes foot rot in sheep?

A

Dichelobacter nodosus (can also co infect with fusobacterium necrophorum- the cow causative agent)

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6
Q

How do we treat foot rot in sheep?

A

Topical & systemic oxytetracycline
Can also give macrolides or penicillins for severe cases

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7
Q

Delayed treatment of foot rot can give rise to…

A

Granuloma

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8
Q

What is associated with higher levels of foot lameness on a sheep farm? (3)

A

Regular foot paring (trimming)
Regular foot bathing
Regularly buying in sheep

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9
Q

What is the 5 Point plan for control and prevention of foot rot in sheep?

Hint- TCQVA

A

Treatment- within 72 hours of detection
Culling- 2 strikes
Quarantine- for 28 days- footbath twice in this time
Vaccination- Footvax vaccine
Avoidance- disinfection of shears, dry environments

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10
Q

Does footbathing increase lameness prevalence in sheep?
If so how can we mitigate this?

A

Yes if done incorrectly-
feet need to be allowed to dry and there needs to be a unidirectional flow of sheep- then ensure you’re not turning them back out onto contaminated pasture

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Formalin foot bath?

A

Inactivated by organic matter and can be irritant and carcinogenic

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12
Q

Why do farmers prefer not to use the Zinc Sulphate foot baths?

A

Sheep need to stand in it for 10 minutes for it to be effective

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13
Q

What is CODD?

A

Contagious Ovine Digital dermatitis- treponeme spp. bacteria infection caused by an ulcer at the coronary band which underruns the hood horn

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14
Q

How is CODD treated?

A

systemic LA amoxicillin or macrolides

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15
Q

Delayed treatment of CODD can lead to…

A

toe granuloma, deformed hoof and deformation of the pedal bone

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16
Q

What is Shelly hoof?

A

separation of the wall and sole horn to form a pocket where soil & stones can become impacted in

17
Q

What causes foot abscesses in sheep?

A

penetration of white line introduces bacteria- genetics, diet and underfoot conditions can predispose them

18
Q

How are foot abscesses treated?

A

Pare out pus & give systemic antibiotics

19
Q

Untreated footrot can lead to toe granuloma formation- how can we treat this?

A

remove the loose horn, amputate the polyp at the neck and pressure bandage for 2 days
also give systemic antibiotics

20
Q

What is septic pedal arthritis and what causes it?

A

Heat, swelling and discharge found above the coronary band- caused by infection of the distal interpharyngeal joint from foot or due to direct penetrative injury

21
Q

How do we treat septic pedal arthritis?

A

Digit amputation

22
Q

What is strawberry footrot?
How is it treated?

A

co infection of Orf and D.congolensis causing proliferative granulation tissue around the lower limb
Treatment- Penicillin

23
Q

What causes joint ill? (3)

A

Neonatal bacteraemia (S.dysgalactiae)
Tick bite (S.aureus)
Dirty water & wet conditions (E.rhusiopathiae)

24
Q

How is joint ill treated?

A

Penicillin- if no response after 10 days- CULL

25
Q

Why do goats tend to get Laminitis and not sheep despite having identical foot structure?

A

goats often on very high concentrate diets

26
Q

What two lameness conditions are pet pigs predisposed to have and wht?

A

Cracks in sole/ hoof wall and congenital limb deformities
Pet pigs are usually Kune Kune’s so have a genetic predisposition

27
Q

What can cause Septic Arthritis and Joint Ill in pigs?

A

teething/ tail biting
navel ill

28
Q

What bacteria causes septic arthritis/ joint ill in piglets?
How is it treated?

A

Streptococcus spp.
Treated with Amoxicillin or Lincosamides (can also use oxytetracycline)

29
Q

You’re presented with a pig that has diamond skin lesions- from the same litter are pigs with hunched postures, stiff walks and joint swelling- what is your diagnosis?
How would you treat it?

A

Erysipelas
Treat with Amoxicillin

30
Q

How does Bush foot occur in pigs?

A

Trauma to the leg due to flooring or housing > bacteria infects the wound to cause Osteomyelitis

31
Q

Give an example of two notifiable diseases that cause lameness in Pigs?

A

FMDV- foot mouth disease virus
SVD- Swine vesicular disease

BVetMed 3 Locomotor (18 decks)

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