Sheep, Goat & Pig Lameness Flashcards
What are the three most common causes of lameness in sheep?
Scald
Footrot
CODD
What is scald?
[precursor for foot rot]- inflammation of the interdigital skin
How do we treat scald?
Topical oxytetracycline (can give systemic oxytetracycline to fully grown sheep as well as topical)
How is footrot different to scald?
Similar symptoms but progresses to the sole of the foot and underruns the hoof horn
What bacteria causes foot rot in sheep?
Dichelobacter nodosus (can also co infect with fusobacterium necrophorum- the cow causative agent)
How do we treat foot rot in sheep?
Topical & systemic oxytetracycline
Can also give macrolides or penicillins for severe cases
Delayed treatment of foot rot can give rise to…
Granuloma
What is associated with higher levels of foot lameness on a sheep farm? (3)
Regular foot paring (trimming)
Regular foot bathing
Regularly buying in sheep
What is the 5 Point plan for control and prevention of foot rot in sheep?
Hint- TCQVA
Treatment- within 72 hours of detection
Culling- 2 strikes
Quarantine- for 28 days- footbath twice in this time
Vaccination- Footvax vaccine
Avoidance- disinfection of shears, dry environments
Does footbathing increase lameness prevalence in sheep?
If so how can we mitigate this?
Yes if done incorrectly-
feet need to be allowed to dry and there needs to be a unidirectional flow of sheep- then ensure you’re not turning them back out onto contaminated pasture
What are the disadvantages of the Formalin foot bath?
Inactivated by organic matter and can be irritant and carcinogenic
Why do farmers prefer not to use the Zinc Sulphate foot baths?
Sheep need to stand in it for 10 minutes for it to be effective
What is CODD?
Contagious Ovine Digital dermatitis- treponeme spp. bacteria infection caused by an ulcer at the coronary band which underruns the hood horn
How is CODD treated?
systemic LA amoxicillin or macrolides
Delayed treatment of CODD can lead to…
toe granuloma, deformed hoof and deformation of the pedal bone
What is Shelly hoof?
separation of the wall and sole horn to form a pocket where soil & stones can become impacted in
What causes foot abscesses in sheep?
penetration of white line introduces bacteria- genetics, diet and underfoot conditions can predispose them
How are foot abscesses treated?
Pare out pus & give systemic antibiotics
Untreated footrot can lead to toe granuloma formation- how can we treat this?
remove the loose horn, amputate the polyp at the neck and pressure bandage for 2 days
also give systemic antibiotics
What is septic pedal arthritis and what causes it?
Heat, swelling and discharge found above the coronary band- caused by infection of the distal interpharyngeal joint from foot or due to direct penetrative injury
How do we treat septic pedal arthritis?
Digit amputation
What is strawberry footrot?
How is it treated?
co infection of Orf and D.congolensis causing proliferative granulation tissue around the lower limb
Treatment- Penicillin
What causes joint ill? (3)
Neonatal bacteraemia (S.dysgalactiae)
Tick bite (S.aureus)
Dirty water & wet conditions (E.rhusiopathiae)
How is joint ill treated?
Penicillin- if no response after 10 days- CULL
Why do goats tend to get Laminitis and not sheep despite having identical foot structure?
goats often on very high concentrate diets
What two lameness conditions are pet pigs predisposed to have and wht?
Cracks in sole/ hoof wall and congenital limb deformities
Pet pigs are usually Kune Kune’s so have a genetic predisposition
What can cause Septic Arthritis and Joint Ill in pigs?
teething/ tail biting
navel ill
What bacteria causes septic arthritis/ joint ill in piglets?
How is it treated?
Streptococcus spp.
Treated with Amoxicillin or Lincosamides (can also use oxytetracycline)
You’re presented with a pig that has diamond skin lesions- from the same litter are pigs with hunched postures, stiff walks and joint swelling- what is your diagnosis?
How would you treat it?
Erysipelas
Treat with Amoxicillin
How does Bush foot occur in pigs?
Trauma to the leg due to flooring or housing > bacteria infects the wound to cause Osteomyelitis
Give an example of two notifiable diseases that cause lameness in Pigs?
FMDV- foot mouth disease virus
SVD- Swine vesicular disease
