Tendon injuries Flashcards
what is the role of a tendon
to connect muscle to bone
what is the name of the fibres that connect to the bones
Sharpey’s fibres
what are tendons composed of
tenocytes and collagen fibres
describe the rope like structure of tendons
the collagen fibres are bundles into fascicles that are bundled into tendon
what are the collagen fibres covered with
endotenon
what are the fascicles covered with
paratenon
what are the tendons covered with
epitenon
how are tendons connected to a tendon sheath
via vincula
name some causes of tendon injury
degeneration, inflammation, laceration, tear, avulsion and nodules
what is de quervain’s stenosing tenovaginitis
this is inflammation of the sheath that surrounds the EPB and APL tendons going to the thumb
what is another term for de quarvain’s stenosing tenovaginitis
texter’s/gamer’s thumb
what are the clinical signs of de quarvains stenosing tenovaginitis
pain when moving the thumb, spasms, pain at the radial side of the wrist and burning of the hand
what test will be positive in de quarvain’s sclerosis tenovaginitis
Finklestein’s test - this is when the thumb is placed under the other fingers in a fist shape and tilted forwards (Finkle-Fone)
what is enthesiopathy
this is when there is inflammation of a tendon at the site where is inserts onto the bone
what is traction apophysitis
this is where there is excessive force put on a tendon due to the growth of a bone in active children
what is Osgood-Schlatter disease
this is a type of traction apophysitis that occurs at the patellar tendon
what is an avulsion tendon injury
this is when the tendon had been pulled off of its insertion point to to some sort of increased force put on it - usually occurs in the fingers causing Mallet finger (unable to straighten the end of the finger because the tendon has been ripped off)
what is the most common cause of rupture of the achilles tendon
pushing off of the weight bearing foot
what test is used to diagnose a rupture achilles tendon
Simmond’s/squeeze test - this is when the patient lies down flat head down with their feet off of the bed- squeeze the calfs and if there is a rupture the foot will not move (normally the foot would plantar flex if the tendon is intact)
what is the treatment of a ruptured achilles tendon
Conservative = splint/cast
Operative - only if there is high activity and likelihood of rupture
why should tendon lacerations be surgically repaired early
the tendons retract and degenerate (Wallerian degeneration)
