Joints, synovial fluid and cartilage Flashcards
name the 3 types of joint
fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
what are the bones involved in fibrous joints held together by
collagen fibres and connective tissue
where are fibrous joints found
cranial sutures, interosseous membrane and peridontal
what are the types of cartilaginous joints
Primary (synchondrosis) and secondary (symphysis)
where are primary cartilaginous joints found
growth plate of bones
where are secondary cartilaginous joints found
IV discs
what is the structural difference between primary cartilaginous and secondary cartilaginous joints
primary only has hyaline cartilage and secondary has hyaline and fibrocartilage
name the type of joint in which no cartilage is found
fibrous
name different types of synovial joints
plane, saddle, ball and socket, pivot, condylar
where would you find a condylar joint
Atlanto-occipital joint
where in the hand would you find a saddle joint
at the first carpel-metacarpal joint (thumb joint)
what determines the stability of a joint
the shape of the articulating surfaces, the ligaments and the muscles surrounding the joint
what type of cartilage makes up the menisci
fibrocartilage
what is the function of the menisci
reduces the friction during movement and balances the weight of the body
what is another term for hyaline cartilage
articular cartilage
what is the function of the chondrocytes found in the hyaline cartilage
to produce collagen
what is the purpose of the glycoproteins in the hyaline cartilage
to act as joint lubricant
what types of chondrocytes are found in hyaline cartilage
flat ones at the superficial layer (produce collagen) and round ones in the deep layer (produce proteoglycans)
what is the difference between lubricin and aggrecan
lubricin is a glycoprotein and aggrecan is a proteoglycan
where does cartilage get its nutrition supply from
the synovial fluid (SF is in direct contact with the blood)
what produces synovial fluid
the synoviocytes in the synovial membrane
what are the different types of synoviocytes
type A (removes debris) and type b (main SF producer)
what is the turnover time of SF
2 hours
what is the function of the synovial fluid
nutrition of the cartilage, removal of waste products and lubrication of joints
what are bursae
fluid filled sacs of synovial fluid that surround the joints to reduce friction
why does shock absorption reduce with age
the synovial fluid becomes more viscous
what is osteoarthritis
this is when the protective ends of the bones break down causing pain and swelling which leads to problems moving the joints
