Formative assessment 1

Question 1

name some things that are associated with the development of Dupuytrens

Answer 1

• diabetes
• alcohol
• tobacco
• HIV
• epilepsy

Question 2

name some potential treatments of dupuytrens

Answer 2

• observation
• radiotherapy
• partial fasciectomy
• demo-fasciectomy
• amputation
• collagenase
• percutaneous needle fasciotomy

Question 3

which drug is associated with phocomelia

Answer 3

Thalidomide

Question 4

what genes regulate limb bud development

Answer 4

HOX genes

Question 5

what type of ossification occurs in most limb bone

Answer 5

endochondrial ossification (all but the clavicle)

Question 6

what type of ossification occurs in the clavicle

Answer 6

membranous ossification

Question 7

what is the function of the synovial fluid

Answer 7

• nutrition of the cartilage
• removal of waste products
• lubrication of the cartilage/less wear and tear of the cartilage

Question 8

where would you find an ellipsoid joint

Answer 8

at the Atlanta-ocipital joint

Question 9

where would you find an ellipsoid joint

Answer 9

at the Atlanta-ocipital joint

Question 10

where would you find a pivot joint

Answer 10

between the radius and the ulnar bones

Question 11

where would you find a saddle joint

Answer 11

between the first carpal-metacarpal joint

Question 12

what are the treatment options for a dorsal root ganglia

Answer 12

• aspiration
• excision
• reassurance and observation

Question 13

what are the treatment options for a dorsal root ganglia

Answer 13

• aspiration
• excision
• reassurance and observation

Question 14

what clinical sign is associated with sub-acromial impingement

Answer 14

painful arc/pain when reaching the arm out to 90 degrees

Question 15

name some treatments for sub-scromial impingement

Answer 15

• subacromial steroid injection
• physiotherapy
• arthroscopic subacromial decompression

Question 16

name organisms that can cause osteomyelitis

Answer 16

• staph aureus
• E.coli (in infants)
• Strep progenies
• mycobacterium tuberculosis
• pseudomonas aeroigenosa

Question 17

what is the likely cause of vertebral osteomyelitis

Answer 17

• staph aureus

- tuberculosis

Question 18

name muscles that are attached to the scapula

Answer 18

• subscapularis
• infrascapularis
• supraspinatus
• serratous anterior
• rhomboid (major and minor)
• teres (major and minor)
• levator scapulae
• pectoralis minor
• deltoid

Question 19

name the causes of caudal equina syndrome

Answer 19

• prolapsed lumbar IV disc
• tumours
• trauma
• infection
• iatrogenic

Question 20

name clinical features of nerve injury

Answer 20

• disordered sensation/dysaethesiae
• numbness
• paraesthetic/pins and needles
• paresis/weakness
• paralysis
• dry skin
• reduced or absent reflexes

Question 21

name the 3 types of peripheral nerve injury that can be caused by trauma

Answer 21

• neuropraxis
• axonotmesis
• neurotmesis

Question 22

name ways of monitoring nerve healing

Answer 22

Tinel’s test (this is the tapping test) an dry nerve conduction tests