Bone growth and repair

Question 1

name the 3 different parts of long bones

Answer 1

epiphysis (end bit that participates in the joint), metaphysics (the bit around the growth plate between the epiphysis and the diaphysis) and the diaphysis (the long bit in the middle)

Question 2

name the 2 different types of bone

Answer 2

cortical bone and cancellous bone

Question 3

what is the difference between cortical bone and cancellous bone

Answer 3

cortical bone is touch bone that is found at the diaphysis and is it not very biologically active
cancellous bone is found at the metaphysics and is very biologically active

Question 4

what is the shorthand for a fracture

Answer 4

#

Question 5

what is a stress fracture

Answer 5

caused by receptive stress that is put on normal bones

Question 6

describe the 4 stages of fracture repair

Answer 6

1) inflammation - haematoma and fibrin clot formation
2) soft callous - soft callous prevents the bone shortening
3) hard callous - cartilage is converted to woven bone
4) bone remodelling - woven bone become lamellar bone

Question 7

Describe Wolff’s law

Answer 7

the bone that is found in healthy individual adapts to the load in which it is put under - if the load increases, the bone remodels itself so that it can deal with the increased load

Question 8

what is meant by delayed union

Answer 8

the bone doesn’t form within the time that it is expected to do so

Question 9

what are some of the causes of delayed union

Answer 9

instability, infection, high energy injuries, smoking and steroids

Question 10

what is non-union

Answer 10

failure of a fracture to heal

Question 11

name some things that can be done to encourage the bones to heal

Answer 11

• platelet rich concentrate

- autogenous bone grafting (gold standard)

Question 12

name a potential damaging effect of bone grafting

Answer 12

spread of disease

Question 13

name different types of bone grafts

Answer 13

• cortical
• cancellous
• fresh
• prepared
• structural