tendinopathies

Question 1

what are the 3 most common sites for tendinopathy to develop?

Answer 1

shoulder, lateral elbow, and heel

Question 2

in what population are tendinopathies most common?

Answer 2

physically demanding or repetitive stress professions and in athletics

Question 3

tendinitis

Answer 3

-itis
inflammation of the tendon

Question 4

bursa of the shoulder:

Answer 4

subacromial bursa
under the acromion process

Question 5

x2 bursa of the calcaneal area

Answer 5

subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
retrocalcaneal bursa

Question 6

tendon epitenon:

Answer 6

loose connective tissue sheath with vascular, lymphatic, and nerve supply

Question 7

tendon coverings:

Answer 7

endotenon: CT surrounding fascicles of tenocytes

epitenon: surrounding the tendon in its entirety

paratenon: fatty areolar surrounding the whole tendon

Question 8

tendon appearance:

Answer 8

-dense, parallel collagen bundles
-sparse distribution of cells
-no fibroblast proliferation
-absence of a lot of ground substance

Question 9

tendinosis

Answer 9

damage to the tendon itself without an inflammatory component

Question 10

tendinopathy

Answer 10

injury or tears to the tendon

Question 11

risk factors for tendon injury:

Answer 11

increasing age
increasing repetitions
improper technique - increased mechanical stress

Question 12

bursa of the pelvic region:

Answer 12

iliopsoas bursa
greater trochanteric (femur) bursa

Question 13

what is an apophysis?

Answer 13

natural cartilaginous growth plate at the insertion of a muscle via tendon to the bone

Question 14

apophysitis

Answer 14

since its cartilage and is weaker than bone, the apophysis can become inflamed by repetitive traction/repetitive stress

Question 15

osgood schlatter’s

Answer 15

apophysitis of the tibial tubercle at the attachment of the patellar tendon

common in growing children

Question 16

rotator cuff teninopathy:

Answer 16

-pain to lateral shoulder (deltoid insertion)
-pain with resisted shoulder abduction (empty can test)
-pain with passive internal rotation (hawkin’s test)

-degenerative changes with absence of inflammation

Question 17

elbow lateral epicondylitis

Answer 17

“tennis elbow”
due to overuse
affects extensor muscles (tennis backhand)
muscles that originate on lateral epicondyle of distal humerus

**extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

Question 18

Cozen test

Answer 18

pain at the lateral epicondyle or common extensor origin with resisted wrist extension

Question 19

achilles tendinopathy associated findings:

Answer 19

-fusiform swelling in tendon
-fluid in the bursa
-hard calcific prominences

Question 20

T1 vs T2 images

Answer 20

T1 - bright - fat

T2 - bright - fat and water