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MSKD week 3 > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

flexors of the thigh, extensors of the knee

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2
Q

anterior compartment innervation:

A

femoral nerve

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3
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment:

A

vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis
sartorius
rectus femoris

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4
Q

what comprises the “pes anserinus”

A

sartorius
gracillis
semitendinosus

“a girl between 2 soldiers”

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5
Q

iliopsoas function:

A

flexes thigh at the hip

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6
Q

iliopsoas innervation:

A

anterior ramus of femoral nerve (L1-L3)

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7
Q

iliopsoas origin:

A

bodies of vertebrae T12-L4

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8
Q

iliopsoas insertion:

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

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9
Q

iliacus function:

A

thigh/trunk flexion

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10
Q

iliacus origin:

A

iliac fossa

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11
Q

iliacus insertion:

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

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12
Q

iliacus innervation:

A

femoral nerve (L1-L3)

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13
Q

sartorius function:

A

flexes thigh at hip
flexes leg at the knee

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14
Q

sartorius origin:

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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15
Q

sartorius insertion:

A

curves around MEDIALLY
inserts on proximal end of tibia, below the medial condyle

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16
Q

sartorius innervation:

A

femoral nerve

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17
Q

vastus (3) muscles function:

A

extends leg at the knee
vastus medialis prevents lateral dislocation of the patella (pulls the knee cap medially/inward)

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18
Q

vastus (3) muscles insertion:

A

all 3 insert onto the quadriceps tendon, to the base of the patella, and onto the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

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19
Q

vastus (3) muscles origin:

A

femur (near trochanters or on the shaft)

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20
Q

vastus (3) muscles innervation:

A

femoral nerve

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21
Q

rectus femoris innervation:

A

femoral nerve

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22
Q

rectus femoris function:

A

flexes thigh at hip
extends leg at knee

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23
Q

rectus femoris origin:

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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24
Q

rectus femoris insertion:

A

quadriceps tendon

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25
Q

adductor muscles function:

A

adduction, medially rotates thigh

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26
Q

adductor muscles innervation:

A

obturator nerve

**adductor magnus - hamstring portion innervated by the sciatic (tibial nerve)

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27
Q

which muscle contains the adductor hiatus?

A

adductor magnus

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28
Q

pectineus function:

A

adducts and flexes thigh at the hip

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29
Q

pectineus innervation:

A

femoral and obturator nerves

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30
Q

pectineus origin:

A

pectineal line (pubis area) and adjacent pelvis

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31
Q

pectineus insertion:

A

oblique from base of lesser trochanter to the posterior surface of the proximal femur

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32
Q

gracillis function:

A

adducts thigh
flexes leg at the knee

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33
Q

gracillis innervation:

A

obturator nerve (medial compartment)

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34
Q

gracillis innervation:

A

pubis/inferior pubic ramus, ramus of the ischium

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35
Q

gracillis insertion:

A

medial surface of proximal tibial shaft

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36
Q

obturator externus function:

A

lateral thigh rotation
(inserts on posterior femur and pulls it backwards)

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37
Q

obturator externus innervation:

A

obturator nerve

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38
Q

obturator externus origin:

A

external surface of obturator membrane and on adjacent bone

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39
Q

obturator externus innervation:

A

trochanteric fossa (posterior femur)

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40
Q

femoral triangle contents:

A

NAVaL

femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
lymph nodes

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41
Q

superior border of fem triangle:

A

inguinal ligament (forms base of triangle)

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42
Q

medial border of fem triangle:

A

adductor longus

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43
Q

lateral border of fem triangle:

A

medial border of sartorius

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44
Q

roof of femoral traingle:

A

fascia lata

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45
Q

floor of fem triangle:

A

pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus

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46
Q

branch of femoral vein that branches near the femoral triangle:

A

great saphenous vein
emerges from the saphenous circle (hole in fascia lata)

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47
Q

function of the femoral sheath:

A

divides internally into 3 compartments:

-lateral: femoral artery
-intermediate: femoral vein
-medial: femoral canal/lymph node/potential space for herniation

femoral nerve is NOT contained within the sheath

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48
Q

what is the femoral sheath formed from?

A

continuation of transversalis fascia and iliopsoas fascia from the abd area

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49
Q

where is the adductor canal?

A

extends from the apex of the femoral triangle and extends to the adductor hiatus (adductor magnus)

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50
Q

what does the adductor canal contain?

A

femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous vein

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51
Q

femoral artery/vein enters the ______ and becomes the ______ artery/vein.

A

adductor hiatus, popliteal

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52
Q

the saphenous nerve travels through the adductor canal but does NOT enter the adductor hiatus. rather, …..

A

leaves canal and continues to medial side of the lower extremity

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53
Q

what does the patellar ligament (ligamentum patellae) attach to?

A

tibial tuberosity

54
Q

function of the menisci?

A

increase congruency between the femoral and tibial condyles

55
Q

describe medial meniscus attachment to the joint capsule:

A

attached around its margin to the joint capsule via the tibial collateral ligament (MCL)

56
Q

why is the lateral meniscus unattached?

A

it is unattached as the tendon of the popliteus muscle passes between it and the joint capsule

57
Q

ACL attachments:

A

lateral wall of femur to the ANTERIOR intercondylar area of the tibia

58
Q

ACL function:

A

prevents anterior displacement of tibia relative to the femur, prevents posterior displacement of the femur

59
Q

PCL attachments:

A

medial wall of intercondylar fossa of femur to the POSTERIOR aspect of the intercondylar area of the tibia

60
Q

PCL function:

A

prevents posterior displacement of the tibia, prevents anterior displacement of the femur

61
Q

tests for ACL/PCL tears:

A

ACL: anterior drawer test
PCL: posterior drawer test

62
Q

what is the “unhappy triad”?

A

medial collateral (most commonly injured)
ACL
medial meniscus/lateral meniscus

injured/torn by excessive force to the lateral knee (valgus pressure)

63
Q

blood supply to the knee:

A

5 genicular arteries (branch from popliteal)
recurrent branch of anterior tibial
2 descending geniculars (one from femoral artery, one from lateral circumflex)

64
Q

4 bursae surrounding the knee:

A

suprapatellar bursa
subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
deep infrapatellar bursa

65
Q

housemaid knee:

A

subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

66
Q

clergyman knee:

A

subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

67
Q

extensor digitorum longus origin:

A

lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula

68
Q

extensor digitorum longus insertion:

A

middle distal phalanges of the 4 lateral toes

69
Q

extensor digitorum longus innervation:

A

deep fibular nerve

70
Q

extensor digitorum longus function:

A

extension of 4 lateral toes

71
Q

tibialis anterior origin:

A

lateral shaft and condyle of femur

72
Q

tibialis anterior insertion:

A

medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal

73
Q

tibialis anterior innervation:

A

deep fibular nerve

74
Q

tibialis anterior function:

A

supports arch of foot
dorsiflexion
foot inversion

75
Q

fibularis tertius origin:

A

lower fibula

76
Q

fibularis tertius insertion:

A

dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal (pinky toe)

77
Q

fibularis tertius function:

A

dorsiflexion
foot eversion

78
Q

fibularis tertius innervation:

A

deep fibular nerve

79
Q

extensor hallucis longus origin:

A

anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane

80
Q

extensor hallucis longus insertion:

A

base/dorsal center of distal phalanx of the great toe

81
Q

extensor hallucis longus innervation:

A

deep fibular nerve

82
Q

extensor hallucis longus function:

A

dorsiflexion of the foot, extension of the big toe

83
Q

fibularis longus origin:

A

head and proximal 2/3 of the fibula

84
Q

fibularis longus insertion:

A

medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
runs over lateral malleolus and then crosses medially underneath the foot

85
Q

fibularis longus innervation:

A

superficial fibular nerve

86
Q

fibularis longus function:

A

supports arch
foot eversion

87
Q

fibularis brevis origin:

A

inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surface

88
Q

fibularis brevis insertion:

A

base of 5th metatarsal base

89
Q

fibularis brevis innervation:

A

superficial fibular

90
Q

fibularis brevis function:

A

foot eversion

91
Q

what two structures do the tendons of fibularis longus and brevis pass under?

A

superior and inferior fibular retinaculum

92
Q

plantaris origin:

A

lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament

93
Q

plantaris insertion:

A

posterior surface of calcaneus

94
Q

plantaris innervation:

A

tibial nerve

95
Q

plantaris function:

A

plantar flexion
flexes knee

96
Q

gastrocnemius origin:

A

lateral head: lateral epicondyle (femur)
medial head: medial epicondyle (femur)

97
Q

gastrocnemius innervation:

A

tibial nerve

98
Q

gastrocnemius function:

A

plantar flexion
knee flexion

99
Q

gastrocnemius insertion:

A

calcaneus via Achilles tendon

100
Q

soleus origin:

A

medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border fibula

101
Q

soleus insertion:

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via achilles tendon

102
Q

soleus innervation:

A

tibial nerve

103
Q

soleus function:

A

plantar flexion

104
Q

what is the “triceps surae”?

A

gastrocnemius + soleus
-attach via the Achilles
-propel the body forward during ambulation

105
Q

popliteus origin:

A

femur/posterior horn of the lateral meniscus

106
Q

popliteus insertion:

A

proximal tibia

107
Q

popliteus innervation:

A

tibial nerve

108
Q

popliteus function:

A

unlocks the knee
stabilizes knee
when foot is planted on ground, it externally rotates the femur on the tibia

109
Q

flexor digitorum longus origin:

A

posterior surface of tibia

110
Q

flexor digitorum longus insertion:

A

bases of distal phalanges 2-5

111
Q

flexor digitorum longus innervation:

A

tibial nerve

112
Q

flexor digitorum longus function:

A

flexion of lateral 4 toes

113
Q

tibialis posterior origin:

A

upper 2/3 of posterior tibia

114
Q

tibialis posterior insertion:

A

navicular bone, cuneiforms, cuboid bones, and bases of metatarsals 2-5

115
Q

tibialis posterior innervation:

A

tibial nerve

116
Q

tibialis posterior function:

A

plantar flexion
foot inversion
supports arch

117
Q

flexor hallucis longus origin:

A

posterior 2/3 of fibla

118
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion:

A

great toe (hallux)
crosses to the medial side superficial to the calcaneus

119
Q

flexor hallucis longus function:

A

flexes big toe

120
Q

posterior tibial artery branches:

A

fibular artery
circumflex fibular
muscular branches

121
Q

what artery does the anterior tibial artery turn into on the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

dorsalis pedis artery

122
Q

what nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the BLLE?

A

sural nerves (medial, common, lateral)

123
Q

what issues would a common fibular nerve injury cause?

A

common fib –> superficial and deep
would affect both anterior and lateral compartments

extensors/dorsiflexers and foot evertors

foot drop occurs and limb becomes too long due to loss of eversion, Pt will compensate with a high stepping gait and will swing out the leg

124
Q

what structures pass under the medial tarsal tunnel?

A

flexor digitorum longus

125
Q

result of a tibial nerve injury?

A

supplies posterior leg
-loss of toe flexors and ankle plantar-flexors
-loss of sensation to the sole of the foot (medial and lateral plantar nerves)

126
Q

what motion does the ankle joint allow for? the subtalar joint?

A

ankle - dorsi and plantar flexion
subtalar - inversion and eversion

127
Q

4 parts of the deltoid ankle ligament:

A

tibiocalcaneal part
tibionavicular part
anterior and posterior tibialtalar parts

128
Q

3 parts of the lateral ankle ligament:

A

posterior talofibular ligament
anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament

129
Q

what is typically the cause of an inversion injury?

A

anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments most commonly torn

130
Q

dorsalis pedis artery branches:

A

arcuate and deep plantar arteries

131
Q

what do the great saphenous and small saphenous veins empty into?

A

great saphenous (anterior) empties into femoral vein

small saphenous (posterior) empties popliteal vein

MSKD week 3 (9 decks)

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