anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
A
flexors of the thigh, extensors of the knee
2
Q
anterior compartment innervation:
A
femoral nerve
3
Q
muscles of the anterior compartment:
A
vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis
sartorius
rectus femoris
4
Q
what comprises the “pes anserinus”
A
sartorius
gracillis
semitendinosus
“a girl between 2 soldiers”
5
Q
iliopsoas function:
A
flexes thigh at the hip
6
Q
iliopsoas innervation:
A
anterior ramus of femoral nerve (L1-L3)
7
Q
iliopsoas origin:
A
bodies of vertebrae T12-L4
8
Q
iliopsoas insertion:
A
lesser trochanter of the femur
9
Q
iliacus function:
A
thigh/trunk flexion
10
Q
iliacus origin:
A
iliac fossa
11
Q
iliacus insertion:
A
lesser trochanter of the femur
12
Q
iliacus innervation:
A
femoral nerve (L1-L3)
13
Q
sartorius function:
A
flexes thigh at hip
flexes leg at the knee
14
Q
sartorius origin:
A
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
15
Q
sartorius insertion:
A
curves around MEDIALLY
inserts on proximal end of tibia, below the medial condyle
16
Q
sartorius innervation:
A
femoral nerve
17
Q
vastus (3) muscles function:
A
extends leg at the knee
vastus medialis prevents lateral dislocation of the patella (pulls the knee cap medially/inward)
18
Q
vastus (3) muscles insertion:
A
all 3 insert onto the quadriceps tendon, to the base of the patella, and onto the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
19
Q
vastus (3) muscles origin:
A
femur (near trochanters or on the shaft)
20
Q
vastus (3) muscles innervation:
A
femoral nerve
21
Q
rectus femoris innervation:
A
femoral nerve
22
Q
rectus femoris function:
A
flexes thigh at hip
extends leg at knee
23
Q
rectus femoris origin:
A
anterior inferior iliac spine
24
Q
rectus femoris insertion:
A
quadriceps tendon
25
adductor muscles function:
adduction, medially rotates thigh
26
adductor muscles innervation:
obturator nerve
**adductor magnus - hamstring portion innervated by the sciatic (tibial nerve)
27
which muscle contains the adductor hiatus?
adductor magnus
28
pectineus function:
adducts and flexes thigh at the hip
29
pectineus innervation:
femoral and obturator nerves
30
pectineus origin:
pectineal line (pubis area) and adjacent pelvis
31
pectineus insertion:
oblique from base of lesser trochanter to the posterior surface of the proximal femur
32
gracillis function:
adducts thigh
flexes leg at the knee
33
gracillis innervation:
obturator nerve (medial compartment)
34
gracillis innervation:
pubis/inferior pubic ramus, ramus of the ischium
35
gracillis insertion:
medial surface of proximal tibial shaft
36
obturator externus function:
lateral thigh rotation
(inserts on posterior femur and pulls it backwards)
37
obturator externus innervation:
obturator nerve
38
obturator externus origin:
external surface of obturator membrane and on adjacent bone
39
obturator externus innervation:
trochanteric fossa (posterior femur)
40
femoral triangle contents:
NAVaL
femoral nerve
femoral artery
femoral vein
lymph nodes
41
superior border of fem triangle:
inguinal ligament (forms base of triangle)
42
medial border of fem triangle:
adductor longus
43
lateral border of fem triangle:
medial border of sartorius
44
roof of femoral traingle:
fascia lata
45
floor of fem triangle:
pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
46
branch of femoral vein that branches near the femoral triangle:
great saphenous vein
emerges from the saphenous circle (hole in fascia lata)
47
function of the femoral sheath:
divides internally into 3 compartments:
-lateral: femoral artery
-intermediate: femoral vein
-medial: femoral canal/lymph node/potential space for herniation
femoral nerve is NOT contained within the sheath
48
what is the femoral sheath formed from?
continuation of transversalis fascia and iliopsoas fascia from the abd area
49
where is the adductor canal?
extends from the apex of the femoral triangle and extends to the adductor hiatus (adductor magnus)
50
what does the adductor canal contain?
femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous vein
51
femoral artery/vein enters the ______ and becomes the ______ artery/vein.
adductor hiatus, popliteal
52
the saphenous nerve travels through the adductor canal but does NOT enter the adductor hiatus. rather, .....
leaves canal and continues to medial side of the lower extremity
53
what does the patellar ligament (ligamentum patellae) attach to?
tibial tuberosity
54
function of the menisci?
increase congruency between the femoral and tibial condyles
55
describe medial meniscus attachment to the joint capsule:
attached around its margin to the joint capsule via the tibial collateral ligament (MCL)
56
why is the lateral meniscus unattached?
it is unattached as the tendon of the popliteus muscle passes between it and the joint capsule
57
ACL attachments:
lateral wall of femur to the ANTERIOR intercondylar area of the tibia
58
ACL function:
prevents anterior displacement of tibia relative to the femur, prevents posterior displacement of the femur
59
PCL attachments:
medial wall of intercondylar fossa of femur to the POSTERIOR aspect of the intercondylar area of the tibia
60
PCL function:
prevents posterior displacement of the tibia, prevents anterior displacement of the femur
61
tests for ACL/PCL tears:
ACL: anterior drawer test
PCL: posterior drawer test
62
what is the "unhappy triad"?
medial collateral (most commonly injured)
ACL
medial meniscus/lateral meniscus
injured/torn by excessive force to the lateral knee (valgus pressure)
63
blood supply to the knee:
5 genicular arteries (branch from popliteal)
recurrent branch of anterior tibial
2 descending geniculars (one from femoral artery, one from lateral circumflex)
64
4 bursae surrounding the knee:
suprapatellar bursa
subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
deep infrapatellar bursa
65
housemaid knee:
subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
66
clergyman knee:
subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
67
extensor digitorum longus origin:
lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula
68
extensor digitorum longus insertion:
middle distal phalanges of the 4 lateral toes
69
extensor digitorum longus innervation:
deep fibular nerve
70
extensor digitorum longus function:
extension of 4 lateral toes
71
tibialis anterior origin:
lateral shaft and condyle of femur
72
tibialis anterior insertion:
medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal
73
tibialis anterior innervation:
deep fibular nerve
74
tibialis anterior function:
supports arch of foot
dorsiflexion
foot inversion
75
fibularis tertius origin:
lower fibula
76
fibularis tertius insertion:
dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal (pinky toe)
77
fibularis tertius function:
dorsiflexion
foot eversion
78
fibularis tertius innervation:
deep fibular nerve
79
extensor hallucis longus origin:
anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane
80
extensor hallucis longus insertion:
base/dorsal center of distal phalanx of the great toe
81
extensor hallucis longus innervation:
deep fibular nerve
82
extensor hallucis longus function:
dorsiflexion of the foot, extension of the big toe
83
fibularis longus origin:
head and proximal 2/3 of the fibula
84
fibularis longus insertion:
medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
runs over lateral malleolus and then crosses medially underneath the foot
85
fibularis longus innervation:
superficial fibular nerve
86
fibularis longus function:
supports arch
foot eversion
87
fibularis brevis origin:
inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surface
88
fibularis brevis insertion:
base of 5th metatarsal base
89
fibularis brevis innervation:
superficial fibular
90
fibularis brevis function:
foot eversion
91
what two structures do the tendons of fibularis longus and brevis pass under?
superior and inferior fibular retinaculum
92
plantaris origin:
lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament
93
plantaris insertion:
posterior surface of calcaneus
94
plantaris innervation:
tibial nerve
95
plantaris function:
plantar flexion
flexes knee
96
gastrocnemius origin:
lateral head: lateral epicondyle (femur)
medial head: medial epicondyle (femur)
97
gastrocnemius innervation:
tibial nerve
98
gastrocnemius function:
plantar flexion
knee flexion
99
gastrocnemius insertion:
calcaneus via Achilles tendon
100
soleus origin:
medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border fibula
101
soleus insertion:
posterior surface of calcaneus via achilles tendon
102
soleus innervation:
tibial nerve
103
soleus function:
plantar flexion
104
what is the "triceps surae"?
gastrocnemius + soleus
-attach via the Achilles
-propel the body forward during ambulation
105
popliteus origin:
femur/posterior horn of the lateral meniscus
106
popliteus insertion:
proximal tibia
107
popliteus innervation:
tibial nerve
108
popliteus function:
unlocks the knee
stabilizes knee
when foot is planted on ground, it externally rotates the femur on the tibia
109
flexor digitorum longus origin:
posterior surface of tibia
110
flexor digitorum longus insertion:
bases of distal phalanges 2-5
111
flexor digitorum longus innervation:
tibial nerve
112
flexor digitorum longus function:
flexion of lateral 4 toes
113
tibialis posterior origin:
upper 2/3 of posterior tibia
114
tibialis posterior insertion:
navicular bone, cuneiforms, cuboid bones, and bases of metatarsals 2-5
115
tibialis posterior innervation:
tibial nerve
116
tibialis posterior function:
plantar flexion
foot inversion
supports arch
117
flexor hallucis longus origin:
posterior 2/3 of fibla
118
flexor hallucis longus insertion:
great toe (hallux)
crosses to the medial side superficial to the calcaneus
119
flexor hallucis longus function:
flexes big toe
120
posterior tibial artery branches:
fibular artery
circumflex fibular
muscular branches
121
what artery does the anterior tibial artery turn into on the dorsal aspect of the foot?
dorsalis pedis artery
122
what nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the BLLE?
sural nerves (medial, common, lateral)
123
what issues would a common fibular nerve injury cause?
common fib --> superficial and deep
would affect both anterior and lateral compartments
extensors/dorsiflexers and foot evertors
foot drop occurs and limb becomes too long due to loss of eversion, Pt will compensate with a high stepping gait and will swing out the leg
124
what structures pass under the medial tarsal tunnel?
flexor digitorum longus
125
result of a tibial nerve injury?
supplies posterior leg
-loss of toe flexors and ankle plantar-flexors
-loss of sensation to the sole of the foot (medial and lateral plantar nerves)
126
what motion does the ankle joint allow for? the subtalar joint?
ankle - dorsi and plantar flexion
subtalar - inversion and eversion
127
4 parts of the deltoid ankle ligament:
tibiocalcaneal part
tibionavicular part
anterior and posterior tibialtalar parts
128
3 parts of the lateral ankle ligament:
posterior talofibular ligament
anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
129
what is typically the cause of an inversion injury?
anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments most commonly torn
130
dorsalis pedis artery branches:
arcuate and deep plantar arteries
131
what do the great saphenous and small saphenous veins empty into?
great saphenous (anterior) empties into femoral vein
small saphenous (posterior) empties popliteal vein
