radiology terms Flashcards
capital fracture:
through femoral head
subcapital fracture:
between femoral head and neck
transcervical fracture:
through neck
intertrochanteric fracture:
between lesser and greater trochanters, along intertrochanteric line
subtrochanteric fracture:
under intertrochanteric line, near shaft
why is the lesser trochanter fragment typically displaced in intertrochanteric fractures?
because it is an attachment for iliopsoas
what are sesmoid bones?
small, rounded masses that are embedded in tendons and are usually around joint surfaces.
fx: minimize friction, modify pressure, and alter the direction of a muscle pull
what is the fabella?
sesmoid bone in posterior knee area
attaches to lateral head of gastrocnemius
what surfaces form the patellar-femoral junction?
medial/lateral patellar facets and the medial/lateral trochlear facets of the femur
what is a multipartite patella?
a patella where the ossification center failed to fuse, appearing to be multiple pieces.
NOT to confuse with a fracture
what is the most common type of tibial plateau fracture?
lateral plateau fracture since the lateral plateau is smaller than the medial and is less resistant to axial loading
most severe type of tibial plateau fracture?
type VI
medial plateau fracture and a fracture line between the metaphysis and diaphysis so that they are detached from one another
naming system for tibial plateau fractures:
Schatzker classification
Type I through Type VI
what is a lipohemarthrosis?
bleeding from a fracture
layering in suprapatellar recess of the joint
top layer - fat
bottom layer - blood
what is an osteophyte?
bony lumps (bone spurs) that grow on the bones of the spine or around the joints.
difference between ACL and PCL tears?
don’t see as big as an “explosion” on PCL tears, usually more of a partial tear, only some fibers disrupted
mechanism of a PCL tear?
dashboard injury, force that causes posterior force, tibia displaces posteriorly in relation to femur
how is an achilles tear visualized on MRI?
bright white signal that indicates fluid accumulation around the tear
what are the ABCs of trauma resusscitation?
airway
-check for obstructions
breathing
-any chest deformities (e.g. PTX) that can interfere with breathing
circulation
-check for major fractures (i.e. pelvis/femur) that could be causing major blood loss
disability (neuro)
-brief neuro exam, assess consciousness
-glasgow coma scale - measures degree of consciousness
exposure/environment
-patient is kept warm, etc.
ATLS trauma protocol:
- primary survey
- adjuncts - address issues
- secondary survey
- further surveys
what causes compartment syndrome?
arterial supply normal but venous blood return is blocked
increased pressure in compartment, can lead to necrosis and death
primary bone healing
-precise approximation of fracture fragments
-rigid immobilization of fracture (cast)
-surgical plates and screws
-NO CALLUS formation
secondary bone healing
-hematoma produced, mechanical scaffold
-progenitor mesenchymal cells recruited from periosteum to differentiate into bone
-CALLUS FORMATION
cast vs splint
cast - circumferential
splint - non-circumferential, allows for swelling
