Television

Question 1

background

Answer 1

• spend more time watching TV that anything else other than working and sleeping
• medium through which most get news, sports, entertainment, cues for civic discource

Question 2

networks

Answer 2

linking stations together

• coaxial cables made possible
• first started with TV
• parent companies is responsible for getting ready content
• 1/3 of people are watching the 4 major networks (CBS, NBC, ABC, and Fox)

Question 3

O&Os

Answer 3

• owned and operated stations
• limited number of stations a network could own (can’t be received by more than 30-40% of country)
• networks wanted to own stations shown to biggest audiences, biggest station in biggest cities

Question 4

VHF

Answer 4

• very high frequency
• channels 2-13
• clear
• reach greater signal
• more powerful, more profitable, better established
• channels not as popular on cable

Question 5

UHF

Answer 5

• ultra high frequency

- channels 14-83, 14-60

Question 6

association with radio

Answer 6

most of the content of TV came from radio, direct descendants

• radio used to tell you entertaining stories
• first starts of TV were starts from radio
• implicated program structure of radio - newscasts

Question 7

affiliates

Answer 7

like franchises; who owns the rest of the stations

• content from parent company
• allows networks to reach national audience

Question 8

FCC (Federal Communication Commission)

Answer 8

-initially treated TV like radio

Question 9

syndication

Answer 9

independent company that gets together content and makes it available to whatever station will buy it; includes theatrical films
-used to fill time that was not filled with network programs (ads also filled gaps)

Question 10

financed with ads

Answer 10

commercials

-came from radio

Question 11

1950

Answer 11

10% of Americans with TVs

Question 12

1960

Answer 12

90% of Americans with TVs

Question 13

Development of Video Tape

Answer 13

• film was the only way to record, expensive and processing was slow so most TV was live
• with video tape recording became the norm

Question 14

errors in love telecasting

Answer 14

common

-actors forgot lines; unexpected events

Question 15

financial reasons to switch to video tape

Answer 15

can show the same shwo multiple times; can sell into syndication market

Question 16

negative influences on political process

Answer 16

• Nixon-Kennedy debates –> effect of appearance on camera

- advertising - selling candidates through ads

Question 17

network-affiliate relationship

Answer 17

• programming given (2/3 of total): prime-time, national news programs, late-night talk shows, some afternoon shows, morning shows
• network has individual contract with each affiliate - what they will show and when
• sometime disagreements over content and time

Question 18

locally produced programming

Answer 18

• accounts for 5-10%

- local news; some talk shows; local brewed kid show

Question 19

independent stations

Answer 19

not owned or affiliated by network, going alone

• on UHF
• syndicated programs and some locally produced

Question 20

powerful

Answer 20

dominant leisure activity in U.S.

• media than generates the most money
• about supplying programming to large heterogeneous audiences (less with cable - more specialized)

Question 21

delivering messages for widest possible dissemination

Answer 21

reach most of poeple, most of the time

Question 22

lowest common denominator

Answer 22

some audience distinction between networks but still about LCD

• cable makes less necessary with fragmentation (500 channels and multiple TVs/household)
• some still want to draw everyone in - talent shows

Question 23

DBS (direct broadcast satellite)

Answer 23

• buy own dish and downlink
• initially also for geographically challenged
• now for people who want more channels

Question 24

5 ways people can watch TV

Answer 24

over-the-air broadcast; cable; satellite; DVD; internet

Question 25

Internet TV

Answer 25

• clear, crisp, and legal

- available on own network site and consolidation sites (hulu)

Question 26

corn cutting

Answer 26

need cable subscription to watch online show

• true from most cable TV
• allows for TV anywhere

Question 27

increased control

Answer 27

watch what you want when you want to when viewing on the internet
-break in old viewing patterns - big sell to advertisers

Question 28

time shifting

Answer 28

watching what you want when you want to

-online archives makes possible

Question 29

DVRs

Answer 29

• digital video recorders
• concerned b/c people can skip commercials (half still watch ads)
• increase viewership
• viewer is more attentive because of increased control

Question 30

webisodes

Answer 30

• TV-like programming online
• scripted episodic show made especially for the internet
• usually short (90 secs to 10 mins)
• lack business models-shown on wide variety of sites
• becoming more organized
• Netflix and Hulu - only seen on site

Question 31

user-generated content

Answer 31

• relationship between television and internet
• video created by average, everyday people
• democratize process

Question 32

social networking sites

Answer 32

• Facebook, Twittesr

- where most user-generated content is