Tectonics EQ2 Flashcards
What was the magnitude of the Haiti 2010 earthquake?
7
This earthquake had a shallow focus.
What were the social impacts of the Haiti 2010 earthquake?
316,000 deaths, 1.3 million displaced.
These statistics highlight the severe humanitarian crisis following the earthquake. People still living in tents/ temporary housing 14 years later.
What was the total estimated damage cost of the Haiti 2010 earthquake?
$7.8-8.5 billion
This figure includes economic losses and infrastructure damage.
What economic impacts did the Haiti 2010 earthquake have?
Damaged airport and port, stopping trade and goods from arriving
The destruction of critical infrastructure significantly hindered recovery efforts.
What impact did the earthquake have on the Haitian government?
1/4 of government officials were killed and corruption was emphasised.
Corruption issues exacerbated the challenges of response and recovery.
What was a significant health crisis that followed the Haiti 2010 earthquake, and how many died?
Cholera outbreak
9000 people died from cholera in 2015
What was a major environmental issue mentioned in relation to the Haiti 2010 earthquake?
Soil erosion
Soil erosion was a consequence of the earthquake and its aftermath.
What was the magnitude of the Sichuan earthquake in 2008?
7.9
The earthquake occurred along the destructive margin where the Indo-Australian plate collides with the Eurasian plate.
How many people died as a result of the Sichuan earthquake?
87,000
This figure represents the significant loss of life caused by the disaster.
What was the estimated number of people displaced by the Sichuan earthquake?
4.8 million made homeless.
1.5 million houses collapsed.
What were the social impacts of the Sichuan earthquake on rural areas?
Communications cut off from rural areas making aid difficult to supply as damage is unknown.
What was the cost of relief and reconstruction programs after the Sichuan earthquake?
$81 billion
This amount reflects the extensive financial resources needed for recovery efforts.
What environmental issue was caused by the Shifang chemical plant during the earthquake?
Release of toxic ammonia
The earthquake compromised the safety of the chemical plant, resulting in a hazardous situation.
What preportion of deaths were caused by secondary hazards such as landslides and flooding?
1/4 of deaths.
What was the number of deaths caused by the Tōhoku 2011 disaster?
16,000
This disaster was one of the deadliest in recent history.
How many people were killed in the Tōhoku 2011 disaster?
16,000 killed
What was the total number of houses destroyed in the Tōhoku 2011 disaster?
123,000
130,000 displaced and evacuated.
What was the estimated economic damage caused by the Tōhoku 2011 disaster?
$360 billion
This makes it one of the most expensive natural disasters in history.
How many roads were destroyed during the Tōhoku 2011 disaster?
2000
The destruction of transportation infrastructure significantly impacted recovery efforts making aid difficult to administer.
What damage to infrastructure was caused by the Tōhoku earthquake?
11 hospitals completely destroyed, railways and roads damaged.
The loss of hospitals and transport infrastructure makes aid difficult to deliver and administer.
What secondary hazards were created after the initial earthquake?
800+ more smaller earthquakes followed. A 40m high tsunami hits the coast causing flooding 10km inland.
pollution 6 miles inland, 4.4million left without electricity due to nuclear crisis.
What major environmental disaster was caused by the initial earthquake in Tohoku?
The Fukushima nuclear disaster.
An exclusion zone of 20km still exists around the area today. with radiation levels extremely abnormal, 8x higher than should be.
The eruption of Eyjafallajökul caused which secondary hazard?
The hotspot was situated below a glacier causing a jökulhlaup.
What impact did the ash cloud from Eyjafallajökull have on local and international areas?
Local: turned day to night blocking out the sun, infected local water supply. However supplied nutrients to soils of local farms.
International: disrupted international flights and trade into Europe.
The IATA estimated a combined total loss of _______ for airlines.
£130 million per day due to grounded flights.
How did the Eyjafallajökull eruption impact Kenyan and Carribean trade?
Exports and fresh food and flowers has to be scrapped as flights were unable to enter Europe.
Kenya estimated to have lost $3.8 million a day.
When was the Montserrat eruption and and which type of plate boundary was it located?
1995-1997. Located at a convergent boundary where the Atlantic plate subducted under the Carribean plate.
What was the population decrease in Montserrat following the euruption?
11,000 to 4,000
What were the social, economic and environmental impacts of the Montserrat eruption?
social: 50% of population evacuated North of the island, population decrease, and respiratory illness.
economic: airport closed (aid unable to arrive), tourist industry declines.
environmental: 2/3 of island covered in ash, forest fires, acid rain.
What magnitude was the earthquake that triggered the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004?
magnitude 9, caused by the subduction of the Indo Australian plate under the Eurasian plate.
How many people died from the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004?
250,000 died, mainly tourists in Thailand.
What were the social, economic and environmental impacts of the Indian Ocean Tsunami?
social: outbreak of cholera in water and a lack of food.
economic: loss of tourism impacts jobs, fishing villages suffer.
environmental: fires break out and smaller islands are completely destroyed.
