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Tectonics Casestudies Flashcards

1
Q

Tohoku magnitude

A

9.0

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2
Q

Causes of Tohoku

A

The earthquake struck offshore of Japan, along a subduction zone where two of the Earth’s tectonic plates (Eurasian and Pacific) collide

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3
Q

Factors affecting vulnerability in Japan?

A
  • Residents of Tokyo only received a minute of warning before the shaking started in the city
  • Seismic building regulations prevented many deaths
  • Text alerts were sent to residents to alert them of the earthquake
  • Tokyo was able to provide money and resources to support residents and attempt to decrease vulnerability for civilians
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4
Q

Fukushima events

A

A 15 metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of 3 Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear accident on 11th March 2011, contaminating sea water

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5
Q

Scientists estimated that how many smaller earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or more were recorded following the main event?

A

800

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6
Q

Some area in Japan experienced land subsidence as the earthquake dropped beachfronts by more than __cm

A

50cm

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7
Q

As of Feb 2017, how many residents in Japan are living in temporary accomodation?

A

50,000

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8
Q

Tohoku casualties?

A

15,883 died

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9
Q

How many deaths in Japan were caused by drowning?

A

90%

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10
Q

How many people following Tohoku were injured?

A

6023

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11
Q

How many children in Japan were separated from families?

A

100,000 children

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12
Q

How many buildings in Japan were destroyed?

A

300,000

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13
Q

How many buildings in Japan were damaged?

A

1 million

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14
Q

Economic worth of damage in Japan?

A

$360 billion

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15
Q

How many people lived in temporary accommodation following Tohoku?

A

333,000

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16
Q

How many countries gave R&R teams to Japan?

A

20

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17
Q

How many troops were mobilised in Japan within 24 hours of the event?

A

110,000

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18
Q

How much did the Bank of Japan offer to Japanese banks to protect the country’s economy?

A

US$183 billion

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19
Q

Sichuan earthquake date

A

12th May 2008

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20
Q

Sichuan magnitude

A

7.9

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21
Q

Plates involved in Sichaun

A

India-Australia, Eurasian

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22
Q

Fault in Sichuan

A

Longmenshan

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23
Q

Population of Sichaun

A

43 million

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24
Q

Industry in Sichuan

A

Fracking - induced earthquakes

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25
Wealth of Sichaun
The province contains 36 counties officially declared as 'national poverty counties' by the Chinese government
26
Sichuan landslide
Created 34 barrier lakes, intimidating 700,000 people downstream, forcing them to evacuate
27
How many school children were killed in Sichuan?
5335
28
Sichuan school collapse example?
Juyuan Middle School in Dujiangyan city, killed 900 pupils
29
Initial deaths of Sichuan
8700
30
After 2 months, deaths of Sichuan
69,227
31
Missing people in Sichuan
18,000
32
What fraction of deaths in Sichuan were caused by landsides?
1/4
33
Number of injured in Sichuan
374,643
34
Homeless in Sichaun
Between 5-11 million
35
How many buildings were demolished in Sichuan?
8 billion
36
Power supplies in Sichuan
PetroChina's oil pipeline to Sichuan was shut down, opening a whole 22 hours later
37
Property damage in Sichaun
845.1 billion CYN
38
Total cost to economy following Sichuan
$86-150 million
39
Mining economic losses in Sichuan
$28.9 million
40
Industrial enterprises economic losses in Sichuan
$29.14 billion
41
Sichuan Changhong Electric economic losses
$21.4 million
42
Soldiers and relief workers in Sichuan
130,000
43
Number of helicopters Sichuan
20
44
Temporary houses in Sichuan
1 million
45
Red Cross donations to Sichuan
Over £100 million, fortnight after the event
46
Red Cross Society of China - tents, quilts, clothing
150,000 tents, 125,000 quilts, 245,000 pieces of clothing
47
Haiti earthquake date
12th Jan 2010
48
Haiti magnitude
7.0
49
Population of Port-au-Prince
2 million people
50
Haiti economic development
Developing country - means that it has limited resources and limited access to them, money spent on more pressing problems
51
Port-au-Prince housing
No building regulations, so existence of slum settlements - buildings collapse easily, dense urban environment makes it difficult for emergency services to access
52
Total number of people affected in Haiti
3.3 million
53
Deaths in Haiti
220,000 due to building collapses, second-hand tsunami and a cholera epidemic in the weeks after
54
Number of injuries in Haiti
300,000 - treatment was difficult because hospitals collapses and staff was displaced around Port-au-Prince
55
Homelessness in Haiti
1.3 million
56
Commercial buildings collapse in Haiti
30,000 - loss of trade
57
Role of American Red Cross in Haiti
Run out of supplies, so Haiti had to ask for public donations
58
Recovery of Haiti?
Not much, 5 years after still recovering
59
International aid to Haiti
US$13 billion - remained in hands of international government due to corruption in Haiti
60
By 2015, how many Haitians were still living in temporary housing?
80,000
61
Eyjafjallajökull date
20th March 2010
62
Tonnes of carbon dioxide released every day in Iceland
150,000 tonnes
63
Plume of volcanic ash and gas height in Iceland
33,000 ft high
64
Major flood in Iceland - evacuation?
700 people evacuated
65
Local cattle farmers evacuation in Iceland
500
66
People living 'downwind' the volcano in Iceland
Had to wear goggles and facemasks due to thick ash
67
How many people were unable to board flights in Iceland?
10 million
68
Number of commercial flights cancelled worldwide following events in Iceland?
100,000
69
Worldwide airline economic losses due to Icelandic eruption
$1.7 billion
70
Eurostar gained how many new passengers following Icelandic eruption?
50,000
71
Reduction in air travel saved how much carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere?
1.3 to 2.8 million tonnes
72
Areas affected by Boxing Day Tsunami?
India, Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Seychelles
73
Date of Boxing Day tsunami
26th December 2004
74
Causes of Boxing Day tsunami
Giant earthquake where tectonic plants (Indo-Australian, Burma microplate) collided at a rate of 6cm/year
75
Litres of escaped oil from plants in Indonesia following BD tsunami
1 million litres
76
Damage to coral reefs (%) in Indonesia following BD tsunami
30%
77
Severe damage to coral reefs (%) in Thailand following BD tsunami
13%
78
Seagrass beds destroyed following BD tsunami?
Pulo Aceh islands, affected dugongs
79
Environmental impacts of BD tsunami
- Crops destroyed - Farmland ruined by saltwater - Oil plants damaged - Mangroves destroyed - Coral reefs and coastal wetlands destroyed - Seagrass bed damages - Turtle nesting beaches destroyed
80
BD tsunami deaths
230,000
81
Homelessness following BD tsunami
1.7 million
82
Number of people that needed emergency aid following BD tsunami
5-6 million
83
Number of villages destroyed in northern Sumatra following BD tsunami
1500 villages
84
% of fishing fleet destroyed in Sri Lanka following BD tsunami
60%
85
Foreign visitors to Phuket dropped by what % in 2005 following BD tsunami
80%
86
Food aid provided following BD tsunami
World Food Programme
87
Amount of aid following BD tsunami
$7 billion from foreign governments
88
British public aid following BD tsunami?
£330 million, Actionaid average donation was £84
89
After BD tsunami, what was set up?
Indian Ocean tsunami warning system

Geography Advanced Information (10 decks)

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