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Tectonics Casestudies Flashcards

1
Q

Tohoku magnitude

A

9.0

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2
Q

Causes of Tohoku

A

The earthquake struck offshore of Japan, along a subduction zone where two of the Earth’s tectonic plates (Eurasian and Pacific) collide

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3
Q

Factors affecting vulnerability in Japan?

A
  • Residents of Tokyo only received a minute of warning before the shaking started in the city
  • Seismic building regulations prevented many deaths
  • Text alerts were sent to residents to alert them of the earthquake
  • Tokyo was able to provide money and resources to support residents and attempt to decrease vulnerability for civilians
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4
Q

Fukushima events

A

A 15 metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of 3 Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear accident on 11th March 2011, contaminating sea water

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5
Q

Scientists estimated that how many smaller earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or more were recorded following the main event?

A

800

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6
Q

Some area in Japan experienced land subsidence as the earthquake dropped beachfronts by more than __cm

A

50cm

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7
Q

As of Feb 2017, how many residents in Japan are living in temporary accomodation?

A

50,000

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8
Q

Tohoku casualties?

A

15,883 died

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9
Q

How many deaths in Japan were caused by drowning?

A

90%

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10
Q

How many people following Tohoku were injured?

A

6023

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11
Q

How many children in Japan were separated from families?

A

100,000 children

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12
Q

How many buildings in Japan were destroyed?

A

300,000

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13
Q

How many buildings in Japan were damaged?

A

1 million

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14
Q

Economic worth of damage in Japan?

A

$360 billion

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15
Q

How many people lived in temporary accommodation following Tohoku?

A

333,000

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16
Q

How many countries gave R&R teams to Japan?

A

20

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17
Q

How many troops were mobilised in Japan within 24 hours of the event?

A

110,000

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18
Q

How much did the Bank of Japan offer to Japanese banks to protect the country’s economy?

A

US$183 billion

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19
Q

Sichuan earthquake date

A

12th May 2008

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20
Q

Sichuan magnitude

A

7.9

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21
Q

Plates involved in Sichaun

A

India-Australia, Eurasian

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22
Q

Fault in Sichuan

A

Longmenshan

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23
Q

Population of Sichaun

A

43 million

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24
Q

Industry in Sichuan

A

Fracking - induced earthquakes

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25
Q

Wealth of Sichaun

A

The province contains 36 counties officially declared as ‘national poverty counties’ by the Chinese government

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26
Q

Sichuan landslide

A

Created 34 barrier lakes, intimidating 700,000 people downstream, forcing them to evacuate

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27
Q

How many school children were killed in Sichuan?

A

5335

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28
Q

Sichuan school collapse example?

A

Juyuan Middle School in Dujiangyan city, killed 900 pupils

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29
Q

Initial deaths of Sichuan

A

8700

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30
Q

After 2 months, deaths of Sichuan

A

69,227

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31
Q

Missing people in Sichuan

A

18,000

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32
Q

What fraction of deaths in Sichuan were caused by landsides?

A

1/4

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33
Q

Number of injured in Sichuan

A

374,643

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34
Q

Homeless in Sichaun

A

Between 5-11 million

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35
Q

How many buildings were demolished in Sichuan?

A

8 billion

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36
Q

Power supplies in Sichuan

A

PetroChina’s oil pipeline to Sichuan was shut down, opening a whole 22 hours later

37
Q

Property damage in Sichaun

A

845.1 billion CYN

38
Q

Total cost to economy following Sichuan

A

$86-150 million

39
Q

Mining economic losses in Sichuan

A

$28.9 million

40
Q

Industrial enterprises economic losses in Sichuan

A

$29.14 billion

41
Q

Sichuan Changhong Electric economic losses

A

$21.4 million

42
Q

Soldiers and relief workers in Sichuan

43
Q

Number of helicopters Sichuan

44
Q

Temporary houses in Sichuan

45
Q

Red Cross donations to Sichuan

A

Over £100 million, fortnight after the event

46
Q

Red Cross Society of China - tents, quilts, clothing

A

150,000 tents, 125,000 quilts, 245,000 pieces of clothing

47
Q

Haiti earthquake date

A

12th Jan 2010

48
Q

Haiti magnitude

49
Q

Population of Port-au-Prince

A

2 million people

50
Q

Haiti economic development

A

Developing country - means that it has limited resources and limited access to them, money spent on more pressing problems

51
Q

Port-au-Prince housing

A

No building regulations, so existence of slum settlements - buildings collapse easily, dense urban environment makes it difficult for emergency services to access

52
Q

Total number of people affected in Haiti

A

3.3 million

53
Q

Deaths in Haiti

A

220,000 due to building collapses, second-hand tsunami and a cholera epidemic in the weeks after

54
Q

Number of injuries in Haiti

A

300,000 - treatment was difficult because hospitals collapses and staff was displaced around Port-au-Prince

55
Q

Homelessness in Haiti

A

1.3 million

56
Q

Commercial buildings collapse in Haiti

A

30,000 - loss of trade

57
Q

Role of American Red Cross in Haiti

A

Run out of supplies, so Haiti had to ask for public donations

58
Q

Recovery of Haiti?

A

Not much, 5 years after still recovering

59
Q

International aid to Haiti

A

US$13 billion - remained in hands of international government due to corruption in Haiti

60
Q

By 2015, how many Haitians were still living in temporary housing?

61
Q

Eyjafjallajökull date

A

20th March 2010

62
Q

Tonnes of carbon dioxide released every day in Iceland

A

150,000 tonnes

63
Q

Plume of volcanic ash and gas height in Iceland

A

33,000 ft high

64
Q

Major flood in Iceland - evacuation?

A

700 people evacuated

65
Q

Local cattle farmers evacuation in Iceland

66
Q

People living ‘downwind’ the volcano in Iceland

A

Had to wear goggles and facemasks due to thick ash

67
Q

How many people were unable to board flights in Iceland?

A

10 million

68
Q

Number of commercial flights cancelled worldwide following events in Iceland?

69
Q

Worldwide airline economic losses due to Icelandic eruption

A

$1.7 billion

70
Q

Eurostar gained how many new passengers following Icelandic eruption?

71
Q

Reduction in air travel saved how much carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere?

A

1.3 to 2.8 million tonnes

72
Q

Areas affected by Boxing Day Tsunami?

A

India, Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Seychelles

73
Q

Date of Boxing Day tsunami

A

26th December 2004

74
Q

Causes of Boxing Day tsunami

A

Giant earthquake where tectonic plants (Indo-Australian, Burma microplate) collided at a rate of 6cm/year

75
Q

Litres of escaped oil from plants in Indonesia following BD tsunami

A

1 million litres

76
Q

Damage to coral reefs (%) in Indonesia following BD tsunami

77
Q

Severe damage to coral reefs (%) in Thailand following BD tsunami

78
Q

Seagrass beds destroyed following BD tsunami?

A

Pulo Aceh islands, affected dugongs

79
Q

Environmental impacts of BD tsunami

A
  • Crops destroyed
  • Farmland ruined by saltwater
  • Oil plants damaged
  • Mangroves destroyed
  • Coral reefs and coastal wetlands destroyed
  • Seagrass bed damages
  • Turtle nesting beaches destroyed
80
Q

BD tsunami deaths

81
Q

Homelessness following BD tsunami

A

1.7 million

82
Q

Number of people that needed emergency aid following BD tsunami

A

5-6 million

83
Q

Number of villages destroyed in northern Sumatra following BD tsunami

A

1500 villages

84
Q

% of fishing fleet destroyed in Sri Lanka following BD tsunami

85
Q

Foreign visitors to Phuket dropped by what % in 2005 following BD tsunami

86
Q

Food aid provided following BD tsunami

A

World Food Programme

87
Q

Amount of aid following BD tsunami

A

$7 billion from foreign governments

88
Q

British public aid following BD tsunami?

A

£330 million, Actionaid average donation was £84

89
Q

After BD tsunami, what was set up?

A

Indian Ocean tsunami warning system

Geography Advanced Information (10 decks)

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