Human - Regenerating Places Flashcards
In 2014, the richest 1% of the population received what % of all income?
They received 13% of all income and accumulated as much wealth as the pooret 55% of the population put together
How much do the top 10% of employees earn anually?
Over £53,000 annually
Weekly wages of the bottom 10% of earners?
Under £288
What % of the labour force are one zero-hours or casual contracts?
Over 2% - many people in this group lack savings and are forced into debt
Between 1997 and 2007, the South of the UK created what % of UK growth output?
37%
In 2008, what % of UK growth output did the South produce?
48% - all other regions of the UK declined
What % of children in Camden live in poverty? How many nationally?
34% in Camden, 21% nationally
Name an area that has part-time and full-time employees dependent on secondary industries?
Port Talbot
National average - manufacturing average by output area
9.10%
Birmingham - manufacturing average by output area
11.58%, 38% in Langley Sandwell, 36% in West Bromwich Central
Swansea - manufacturing average by output area
10.03%, 32% in Neath Port Talbot Sandfields, 29% in Aberavon
National average - professional, scientific and technical activities by output area
6.3%
Birmingham professional, scientific and technical activities by output area
4.75%, 31% in Ladywood
Swansea - professional, scientific and technical activities by output area
3.70%, 20% in Oystermouth, 18% in Mayals
Studentification
- Houses are converted to HMOs for students (gentrification), usually in residential areas, causing families and elderly to feel isolated
- Leads to crime, poor hygiene and noise, which can scare original residents away (e.g. in Headingly, Leeds, many primary schools had to close due to a lack of families)
- These houses were probably built in the 19th century and occupied by workers during the industrialisation period - due to their cheaper quality, this has allowed gentrification/studentification to occur in these areas
Multiculturalism
- Traditional buildings, e.g. places of worship
- Amenities, e.g. shops for food and clothes
- Traditional businesses/services
- Mixed schools
- Increased ethnic diversity
- e.g. Birmingham - 53% of the population are white, British
Ageing population/brain drain
- e.g. Cornwall
- Young people move away from an area because there are no job opportunities, leaving the population to be a majority elderly
- Many houses in these areas are second homes for richer people, leading to house prices increasing. Local people are no longer able to afford them
Gentrification
- e.g. Ladywood in Birmingham, Notting Hill
- Rich people buy previously deindustrialised areas and spend money doing up the houses, leading to house prices increasing
- Local people leave due to social stratification
- It leads to services in an area improving
Industrial change
- This is when a place changes its industrial structure
- e.g. Longbridge - there used to be factories, however after deindustrialisation, it has become a shopping area
Physical factors - why an area might change?
- Coastal erosion
- Climate change leads to flooding (unpredictable weather)
- Eco-friendly buildings help to mitigate against climate change
In Norfolk, how much land has been lost due to coastal erosion in the last 250 years?
250m
What town flooded in 2007?
Tewkesbury
Accessibility and connectedness - why an area changes?
- Improved rail and motorway links
- Allows rural areas to become more accessible
- More FDI
Example of improved motor/railway links?
HS2
Historical development - why an area changes?
- The layout of cities makes it difficult for historical areas to expand
- The historical buildings have to stay as they are protected and needed for tourists
Local and national planning - why an area changes?
- Lack of housing - National Infrastructure Plan
- Increased transport - Heathrow expansion/HS2
Changes in Swansea
- 1880s - copper industry, 3000 people employed + tin plate industry
- Industries above became obliterated following WW2 air raids
- Transition to tertiary industry - 38% of Swansea’s population are currently employed in public administration, education and health; 24% are employed in the hotel and restaurant industry
Changes in Birmingham
- 1880s - motor industry (MG Rover in Longbridge), jewellery industry
- Now, dominated by tertiary industry - retail employment following Bull Ring and Grand Central finish, education employment as there are 6 higher education establishments (Birmingham uni ranks 10th in terms of research according to QS world rankings)
