Human - Regenerating Places

Question 1

In 2014, the richest 1% of the population received what % of all income?

Answer 1

They received 13% of all income and accumulated as much wealth as the pooret 55% of the population put together

Question 2

How much do the top 10% of employees earn anually?

Answer 2

Over £53,000 annually

Question 3

Weekly wages of the bottom 10% of earners?

Answer 3

Under £288

Question 4

What % of the labour force are one zero-hours or casual contracts?

Answer 4

Over 2% - many people in this group lack savings and are forced into debt

Question 5

Between 1997 and 2007, the South of the UK created what % of UK growth output?

Answer 5

37%

Question 6

In 2008, what % of UK growth output did the South produce?

Answer 6

48% - all other regions of the UK declined

Question 7

What % of children in Camden live in poverty? How many nationally?

Answer 7

34% in Camden, 21% nationally

Question 8

Name an area that has part-time and full-time employees dependent on secondary industries?

Answer 8

Port Talbot

Question 9

National average - manufacturing average by output area

Answer 9

9.10%

Question 10

Birmingham - manufacturing average by output area

Answer 10

11.58%, 38% in Langley Sandwell, 36% in West Bromwich Central

Question 11

Swansea - manufacturing average by output area

Answer 11

10.03%, 32% in Neath Port Talbot Sandfields, 29% in Aberavon

Question 12

National average - professional, scientific and technical activities by output area

Answer 12

6.3%

Question 13

Birmingham professional, scientific and technical activities by output area

Answer 13

4.75%, 31% in Ladywood

Question 14

Swansea - professional, scientific and technical activities by output area

Answer 14

3.70%, 20% in Oystermouth, 18% in Mayals

Question 15

Studentification

Answer 15

• Houses are converted to HMOs for students (gentrification), usually in residential areas, causing families and elderly to feel isolated
• Leads to crime, poor hygiene and noise, which can scare original residents away (e.g. in Headingly, Leeds, many primary schools had to close due to a lack of families)
• These houses were probably built in the 19th century and occupied by workers during the industrialisation period - due to their cheaper quality, this has allowed gentrification/studentification to occur in these areas

Question 16

Multiculturalism

Answer 16

• Traditional buildings, e.g. places of worship
• Amenities, e.g. shops for food and clothes
• Traditional businesses/services
• Mixed schools
• Increased ethnic diversity
• e.g. Birmingham - 53% of the population are white, British

Question 17

Ageing population/brain drain

Answer 17

• e.g. Cornwall
• Young people move away from an area because there are no job opportunities, leaving the population to be a majority elderly
• Many houses in these areas are second homes for richer people, leading to house prices increasing. Local people are no longer able to afford them

Question 18

Gentrification

Answer 18

• e.g. Ladywood in Birmingham, Notting Hill
• Rich people buy previously deindustrialised areas and spend money doing up the houses, leading to house prices increasing
• Local people leave due to social stratification
• It leads to services in an area improving

Question 19

Industrial change

Answer 19

• This is when a place changes its industrial structure

- e.g. Longbridge - there used to be factories, however after deindustrialisation, it has become a shopping area

Question 20

Physical factors - why an area might change?

Answer 20

• Coastal erosion
• Climate change leads to flooding (unpredictable weather)
• Eco-friendly buildings help to mitigate against climate change

Question 21

In Norfolk, how much land has been lost due to coastal erosion in the last 250 years?

Answer 21

250m

Question 22

What town flooded in 2007?

Answer 22

Tewkesbury

Question 23

Accessibility and connectedness - why an area changes?

Answer 23

• Improved rail and motorway links
• Allows rural areas to become more accessible
• More FDI

Question 24

Example of improved motor/railway links?

Answer 24

HS2

Question 25

Historical development - why an area changes?

Answer 25

• The layout of cities makes it difficult for historical areas to expand
• The historical buildings have to stay as they are protected and needed for tourists

Question 26

Local and national planning - why an area changes?

Answer 26

• Lack of housing - National Infrastructure Plan

- Increased transport - Heathrow expansion/HS2

Question 27

Changes in Swansea

Answer 27

• 1880s - copper industry, 3000 people employed + tin plate industry
• Industries above became obliterated following WW2 air raids
• Transition to tertiary industry - 38% of Swansea’s population are currently employed in public administration, education and health; 24% are employed in the hotel and restaurant industry

Question 28

Changes in Birmingham

Answer 28

• 1880s - motor industry (MG Rover in Longbridge), jewellery industry
• Now, dominated by tertiary industry - retail employment following Bull Ring and Grand Central finish, education employment as there are 6 higher education establishments (Birmingham uni ranks 10th in terms of research according to QS world rankings)