Human - Globalisation

Question 1

What is globalisation?

Answer 1

The growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety or cross-border transactions in goods and services, freer international capital flows and more rapid and widespread diffusion in technology

Question 2

Methods of transport

Answer 2

Railway, telegraph, steam ships, jet aircrafts, containerisation

Question 3

How long did it take to get to Australia in 1914?

Answer 3

40 days

Question 4

How long did it take to get to Australia in 2016?

Answer 4

1 and a half days

Question 5

How have TNCs accelerated the process of globalisation?

Answer 5

They invest abroad, which allows FDI to create links between countries which produce and consume products

Question 6

How have lower transport costs accelerated the process of globalisation?

Answer 6

• In the 9th century, methods of transport (railways, telegraphs, steamships) reduced the costs of moving goods internationally
• In the 20th century, containerisation further reduced transport and handling costs, and international air travel has allowed for a faster, common and more affordable method of travel

Question 7

How has computer and internet technology accelerated the process of globalisation?

Answer 7

• Manufacturing in diverse locations can be suitable for the transfer of ideas using computer software
• Global communication has allowed for the creation of global brands

Question 8

How have international organisations accelerated the process of globalisation?

Answer 8

Trade internationally is reliant upon trust and cooperation, so therefore there are rules and regulations of trade, which the international organisation sets up and enforces

Question 9

How have new markets accelerated the process of globalisation?

Answer 9

Companies invest in the new markets to allow them to make better profits. The opening up of global trade into areas such as China and India had made businesses to invest money in order to generate more sales. This success is then reflected in stock markets and shares

Question 10

When was containerisation created?

Answer 10

1956

Question 11

Who created containerisation?

Answer 11

Malcom Mcclean

Question 12

How many tonnes could by moved per hour by labourers in 1965 and 1970? (containerisation)

Answer 12

1965 - 1.7 tonnes per hour

1970 - 30 tonnes per hour

Question 13

What percentage does container trade account for of world seaborne trade?

Answer 13

60%

Question 14

When was the railway developed?

Answer 14

1804

Question 15

When was the international railway developed?

Answer 15

1843

Question 16

When was the jet engine created?

Answer 16

1928

Question 17

When was the first steam train built?

Answer 17

1804

Question 18

When was the first steam ship built?

Answer 18

1787

Question 19

Methods of communication

Answer 19

Internet, social networking, electronic banking, fibre optics, mobile phones

Question 20

When was the first commercial telegram created?

Answer 20

1837

Question 21

When was electronic banking developed?

Answer 21

1980s

Question 22

When was the first mobile phone created?

Answer 22

1973

Question 23

When did the world wide web launch?

Answer 23

1990s

Question 24

Political and economic factors that led to the acceleration of globalisation

Answer 24

Privatisation, deregulation, free trade (encouraged by trade blocs)

Question 25

When were fibre optics first used?

Answer 25

1970s

Question 26

How much more times can fibre optics carry than copper wires?

Answer 26

65,000 times more

Question 27

What year was the first email sent?

Answer 27

1971

Question 28

What company became the largest mobile telecommunications company in the world in 2000?

Answer 28

Vodafone

Question 29

Who supported privatisation?

Answer 29

Margaret Thatcher, Tony Blair, IGOs

Question 30

What is the population of the EU?

Answer 30

508 million

Question 31

What is privatisation?

Answer 31

The transfer of business/industry from public to private ownership

Question 32

Examples of privatisation in the UK?

Answer 32

- British Telecom in 1984 - Local bus services in 1985 (Transport Act) - British Gas in 1986 - British Rail in 1993

Question 33

What is a trade bloc?

Answer 33

A type of intergovernmental agreement where barriers to trade (e.g. tariffs) in a world region are reduced or eliminated among the participating states

Question 34

Advantages to trade blocs?

Answer 34

Easier trade, cheaper prices, access to wider market

Question 35

Disadvantages to trade blocs

Answer 35

Some places aren't in trade blocs (e.g. due to physical barriers, such as The Sahel), stops trade elsewhere, loss of sovereignty, interdependence

Question 36

Which policies promote free trade blocs?

Answer 36

Free-market liberalisation, privatisation, encouraging business start-ups

Question 37

World Bank

Answer 37

- Its role is to provide loans in order to help rebuild economies, as well as alleviate poverty - Its aim is to reduce the percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day to no more than 3% of the world's population by 2030, as well as reduce inequalities by encouraging income growth for the bottom 40% of every country

Question 38

WTO

Answer 38

The role of the WTO is to reduce tariffs in order to allow the standardisation of products, reduction of trade barriers and the elimination of preferences. It was established in 1995

Question 39

IMF

Answer 39

- Its role was to help governments balance their payments when they're suffering from economic difficulties - It gives loans to member countries if they are unable to pay their debts, as well as financial rating which reflect their economic power and they pay a 'subscription' dependent of their rating

Question 40

How do British governments attract FDI?

Answer 40

- Privatisation - Free-market liberalism (neoliberalism) - Sovereign wealth funds (help fund new infrastructure projects) - Trade blocs - Sunday trading (1994)

Question 41

How do Chinese governments attract FDI?

Answer 41

- 'Open door' policy - Hukou system - Agricultural communities dismantled (farmers can now earn a profit) - 'Instant cities' - Special economic zones (Shantou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Xiamen)

Question 42

What are special economic zones?

Answer 42

Areas of land set aside by governments in locations well placed for international trade

Question 43

In what year was the KOF Globalisation Index founded?

Answer 43

2002

Question 44

According to the KOF index in 2015, which country is the most globalised?

Answer 44

Ireland