Technology Flashcards
What is validity?
Refers to the degree to which the data collected actually measures what it set out to measure
What is reliability?
Refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent + stable over time
What is quantitive data?
data that is measured numerically
What is qualititve data?
focused on words and is subjective
-> used to gain an understanding of performer’s experience
What is research?
systematic process of investigation + carried out with aim of advancing knowledge
What is sport analytics?
Analysis of sport data using analytical tools + methods to try and improve results
What is OPTA?
Company that has statisticans gathering + analysing sport data
-> helps inform sporting predictions
What is objective data?
fact based information which is measurable + usuable
What is subjective data?
based on personal opinion, whcih is less measurable + less usable
What can video analysis be used for?
- analysing gait
- analysing biomechanical components
- injury prevention
What is video motion analysis?
technique used to get information about moving objects from video
-> involves high speed camera + computer software that allows frame by frame analysis
What is the main purpose of video analysis?
- improve individual/ team performance
- analyse opposition patterns of play to gain tactical advantage
What 2 displines has video analysis developed into?
Notional Match Analysis
- records aspects of performance and studies movements patterns
Biomechanics
- used to anaylse the sports impacts of movements
Why is performance analysis helpful?
An EIS report showed that athletes can only recall 30% of their performance and so performance analysis helps recall the other 70%
What is performance analysis?
The provision of objective feedback to a performer who is trying to get positive change in performance
-> failure to use it may lead to poor decision making
What techniques of Performance Analysis are used by coaches + sport scientists?
Within training -> immediate visual feedback software is useful
Within competitions -> may look at stats of oppositions to find tactical advantages
What is Prozone
Can be used to analyse and improve player performance via use of HD cameras which provide detailed performer/ team analysis in football
-> tags players actions and delivers results to the coach after a match e.g no of successful passes
How has performance analysis proved its use?
Uses accurate, valid and reliable records of performance by gaining systematic observations that can be analysed to improve performance
What is Dartfish?
Video software which enables individuals to view, edit and analyse videos of technique e.g running technique
What is the definition of indirect calorimetry?
The measurement of the amount of heat/energy generated in an oxidation reaction by determining the intake or consumption of oxygen by measuring the amount of CO2 released
What is indirect calorimetry?
a technique where headgear is attached to a subject while they breathe for a specific amount of time.
Their inspired and expired gas flows, volumes + concentrations of 02 and CO2 are all measured
What is a metabolic cart?
An electronic medical tool used to measure the body’s metabolism by attaching to headgear while the subject breathes in and out
How does it calculate metabolism?
It uses 2 factors to calculate the heat production:
- intake of 02
- output of CO2
These provide a result which is normally measured as resting energy expenditure (REE)
What is REE?
Resting Energy Expenditure-
amount of energy require for a 24 hour period by the body during rest (Kcal)
What factors affect REE?
- age
- gender (lower in women )
- smoking + drugs (increase REE)
What can indirect calorimetry help show individuals?
- deterimine their energy requirements
- calculate energy expenditure
Possible difficulities of indirect calorimetry?
- inaccuracies from air leaks
- recording errors
- difficult to use on children
- overfeeding/ underfeeding could occur from results
What is Global Positioning System? (GPS)
A space-based navigation system that provides location + time information
What is Software?
A computer software is any set of machine-readable instructions which direct a computer’s processor to perform specific operations
Why is GPS useful?
- helpful to coaches in moinoring players positioning in matches
- can track speed, distance and direction
- can also measure a player’s HR, pace and recovery time
Why use GPS?
- makes better use of training time
- improves tactical analysis undertaken at a club
- helps a coach compare player performance and potentially help selection
- helps to get injured players with rehab
How are GPS useful with G Forces?
- useful in high contact sports like rugby
- can help reduce injury as it can help monitor fatigue
What does Strava do?
GPS uses technology let individuals track swims, rides and runs on their smartphones
- can allow them to analyse and quantify their performance
What are smart wearable fitness devices?
Devices worn or attached to a performer’s body to provide instant feedback on aspects of performance
- more common at low levels of performance
What is vibration technology?
Used for exercise recovery, injury prevention and rehabilitation
- application of vibration technology can be made directly (on affected area) or indirectly (whole body)
What does vibration technology do?
Use vibration plates to induce exercise effects in the body
What are the benefits of vibration technology?
Improved bone density
Increased muscle mass
Improved circulation
Reduce joint pain
Alleviate stress
Boost metabolism
What is electrostimulation?
Production of muscle contractions using electrical impulses
Benefits of electrostimulation
-increased strength and power
- improve recovery time from training by expelling lactic acid
- stimulate blood flow to muscles during a warm up
How does electrostimulation work?
Works by providing gentle external electrocution of the muscles to stimulate them
-> sends impulses to muscles to contract without CNS
How does electrostimulation help with injuries?
- Strengthens and tones muscles to prevent injury
- Helps prevent losses in fitness levels
- Assits in rehab through gradual strengthening of injured muscles
- Helps get rid of lactic acid after a training session and decreases muscle tension to avoid injury
What is adaptive equipment?
Specially designed equipment e.g wheelchairs for track events
What are assistive devices?
devices that enable training and exercise opportunities to participate in sport e.g wheelchairs
What are prosthetic devices?
Designed to assist athletes in running events, cycle and racing
- now use newer materials like carbon flex-fibre which is lighter and helps to improve performance
What are examples of adaptive equipment for the elderly?
- finger extension exerciser
- low impact pedal exercise machine
- exercise balance beam
- wheelchairs
What is the places people play initiative?
It is an initiative developed by Sport England that aims to deliver on the Olympic legacy promise to increase sports participation by providing sport facilities
What are iconic facilities?
Part of the Places to Play initiate
- direct funds into a small number of ‘best practice’ strategic facility projects designed to increase mass participation
(best practice was based on high-quality design and long term sustainability)
What is an example of an iconic facility?
Lower Lee Valley Velodrome
What are 3G surfaces?
Developed as a playing surface to provide a multi-sport playing surface
- sand + rubber infill gives similar characteristics to grass
What are the benefits of 3G surfaces?
- allow high levels of use and are suitable for many sports
- can be played on more frequently and for longer than grass
- provides consistent condition
Disadvantages of artificial surfaces?
- too rigid - risk of ligament and joint injuries
- further developments in technology have rectified some of these issues though
What is multi- use games areas (MUGA)?
- many schools and sports clubs use mUGA
Is made up of artifical grass (astroturf) - helps increase participation
What are the functions of Sport Analytics?
- monitoring fitness for performance
- skill and technique development
- injury prevention
- game analysis
- talent ID/ scouting
How is sport analytics used for Talent ID?
Technology can be used in ‘pathway analytics’ as a method of systematically profiling the effectiveness of performers on different Olympic pathways
What is an example of when technology has been used for Talent ID?
TALL AND TALENTED
- requires technically gifted sports performers to be above a certain height for sports like basketball and rowing
Positives of technology on SPORT
- increased participation levels through adapted equipment
- improve quality of facilities and surfaces
- provides meaningful data via GPS systems
Negative of technology on SPORT
- can be misleading data depending on tactics of the sport
- can be expensive so inequalities might exist
- can lead to paralysis by analysis
- can have placebo effect (increased confidence)
Positives of technology on PERFORMER
- improved clothing/ footwear ( speedo use polyurethane to reduce drag and compress muscles to create sensation of buoyancy)
- improved sports equipment
-improved protective equipment (cricket helmets) - improved recovery from training (compression clothing)
- improved recovery from injury (02 tents)
- detailed scientific analysis of performance via gPS data
- increased knowledge of diet and sports supplements
- advancements in drug testing technology
Negativties of technology on SPORT
- can lead to injury or over aggression e.g blades, protective equipment lead to invincible feeling
- cheating through use of drugs
- expensive - leading to inequalities
- not everyone has funding available to invest and research
Positives of technology on COACH
- highly informative and detailed analysis of performance
- can assess players tactically, technically and physiologically
- focus training sessions based on info
Negatitives of technology on COACH
- can be a hindrance if over-emphasis on data
- computers could be hacked and data lost/exploited
Positives of technology on SPECTATORS
- stats are easy to gather and find
- rugby officials are mic’d up increases involvement and excitement in audience
- increased intrest in tennis with use hawk-eye
- ensures the right decisions are reached
- helps officials communicate with each other
Negatives of technology on SPECTATORS
- a loss of respect in the crowd for the official
- costs limit use of technology at events - inconsistent experiences
- breaks in play can be disruptive if decisions take too long or ref is over-reliant on it -> affects experience
