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PE - Sport and society > Technology > Flashcards

Technology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is validity?

A

Refers to the degree to which the data collected actually measures what it set out to measure

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2
Q

What is reliability?

A

Refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent + stable over time

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3
Q

What is quantitive data?

A

data that is measured numerically

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4
Q

What is qualititve data?

A

focused on words and is subjective
-> used to gain an understanding of performer’s experience

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5
Q

What is research?

A

systematic process of investigation + carried out with aim of advancing knowledge

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6
Q

What is sport analytics?

A

Analysis of sport data using analytical tools + methods to try and improve results

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7
Q

What is OPTA?

A

Company that has statisticans gathering + analysing sport data
-> helps inform sporting predictions

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8
Q

What is objective data?

A

fact based information which is measurable + usuable

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9
Q

What is subjective data?

A

based on personal opinion, whcih is less measurable + less usable

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10
Q

What can video analysis be used for?

A
  • analysing gait
  • analysing biomechanical components
  • injury prevention
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11
Q

What is video motion analysis?

A

technique used to get information about moving objects from video
-> involves high speed camera + computer software that allows frame by frame analysis

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12
Q

What is the main purpose of video analysis?

A
  • improve individual/ team performance
  • analyse opposition patterns of play to gain tactical advantage
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13
Q

What 2 displines has video analysis developed into?

A

Notional Match Analysis
- records aspects of performance and studies movements patterns
Biomechanics
- used to anaylse the sports impacts of movements

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14
Q

Why is performance analysis helpful?

A

An EIS report showed that athletes can only recall 30% of their performance and so performance analysis helps recall the other 70%

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15
Q

What is performance analysis?

A

The provision of objective feedback to a performer who is trying to get positive change in performance
-> failure to use it may lead to poor decision making

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16
Q

What techniques of Performance Analysis are used by coaches + sport scientists?

A

Within training -> immediate visual feedback software is useful
Within competitions -> may look at stats of oppositions to find tactical advantages

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17
Q

What is Prozone

A

Can be used to analyse and improve player performance via use of HD cameras which provide detailed performer/ team analysis in football
-> tags players actions and delivers results to the coach after a match e.g no of successful passes

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18
Q

How has performance analysis proved its use?

A

Uses accurate, valid and reliable records of performance by gaining systematic observations that can be analysed to improve performance

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19
Q

What is Dartfish?

A

Video software which enables individuals to view, edit and analyse videos of technique e.g running technique

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20
Q

What is the definition of indirect calorimetry?

A

The measurement of the amount of heat/energy generated in an oxidation reaction by determining the intake or consumption of oxygen by measuring the amount of CO2 released

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21
Q

What is indirect calorimetry?

A

a technique where headgear is attached to a subject while they breathe for a specific amount of time.
Their inspired and expired gas flows, volumes + concentrations of 02 and CO2 are all measured

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22
Q

What is a metabolic cart?

A

An electronic medical tool used to measure the body’s metabolism by attaching to headgear while the subject breathes in and out

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23
Q

How does it calculate metabolism?

A

It uses 2 factors to calculate the heat production:
- intake of 02
- output of CO2
These provide a result which is normally measured as resting energy expenditure (REE)

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24
Q

What is REE?

A

Resting Energy Expenditure-
amount of energy require for a 24 hour period by the body during rest (Kcal)

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25
Q

What factors affect REE?

A
  • age
  • gender (lower in women )
  • smoking + drugs (increase REE)
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26
Q

What can indirect calorimetry help show individuals?

A
  • deterimine their energy requirements
  • calculate energy expenditure
27
Q

Possible difficulities of indirect calorimetry?

A
  • inaccuracies from air leaks
  • recording errors
  • difficult to use on children
  • overfeeding/ underfeeding could occur from results
28
Q

What is Global Positioning System? (GPS)

A

A space-based navigation system that provides location + time information

29
Q

What is Software?

A

A computer software is any set of machine-readable instructions which direct a computer’s processor to perform specific operations

30
Q

Why is GPS useful?

A
  • helpful to coaches in moinoring players positioning in matches
  • can track speed, distance and direction
  • can also measure a player’s HR, pace and recovery time
31
Q

Why use GPS?

A
  • makes better use of training time
  • improves tactical analysis undertaken at a club
  • helps a coach compare player performance and potentially help selection
  • helps to get injured players with rehab
32
Q

How are GPS useful with G Forces?

A
  • useful in high contact sports like rugby
  • can help reduce injury as it can help monitor fatigue
33
Q

What does Strava do?

A

GPS uses technology let individuals track swims, rides and runs on their smartphones
- can allow them to analyse and quantify their performance

34
Q

What are smart wearable fitness devices?

A

Devices worn or attached to a performer’s body to provide instant feedback on aspects of performance
- more common at low levels of performance

35
Q

What is vibration technology?

A

Used for exercise recovery, injury prevention and rehabilitation
- application of vibration technology can be made directly (on affected area) or indirectly (whole body)

36
Q

What does vibration technology do?

A

Use vibration plates to induce exercise effects in the body

37
Q

What are the benefits of vibration technology?

A

Improved bone density
Increased muscle mass
Improved circulation
Reduce joint pain
Alleviate stress
Boost metabolism

38
Q

What is electrostimulation?

A

Production of muscle contractions using electrical impulses

39
Q

Benefits of electrostimulation

A

-increased strength and power
- improve recovery time from training by expelling lactic acid
- stimulate blood flow to muscles during a warm up

40
Q

How does electrostimulation work?

A

Works by providing gentle external electrocution of the muscles to stimulate them
-> sends impulses to muscles to contract without CNS

41
Q

How does electrostimulation help with injuries?

A
  • Strengthens and tones muscles to prevent injury
  • Helps prevent losses in fitness levels
  • Assits in rehab through gradual strengthening of injured muscles
  • Helps get rid of lactic acid after a training session and decreases muscle tension to avoid injury
42
Q

What is adaptive equipment?

A

Specially designed equipment e.g wheelchairs for track events

43
Q

What are assistive devices?

A

devices that enable training and exercise opportunities to participate in sport e.g wheelchairs

44
Q

What are prosthetic devices?

A

Designed to assist athletes in running events, cycle and racing
- now use newer materials like carbon flex-fibre which is lighter and helps to improve performance

45
Q

What are examples of adaptive equipment for the elderly?

A
  • finger extension exerciser
  • low impact pedal exercise machine
  • exercise balance beam
  • wheelchairs
46
Q

What is the places people play initiative?

A

It is an initiative developed by Sport England that aims to deliver on the Olympic legacy promise to increase sports participation by providing sport facilities

47
Q

What are iconic facilities?

A

Part of the Places to Play initiate
- direct funds into a small number of ‘best practice’ strategic facility projects designed to increase mass participation
(best practice was based on high-quality design and long term sustainability)

48
Q

What is an example of an iconic facility?

A

Lower Lee Valley Velodrome

49
Q

What are 3G surfaces?

A

Developed as a playing surface to provide a multi-sport playing surface
- sand + rubber infill gives similar characteristics to grass

50
Q

What are the benefits of 3G surfaces?

A
  • allow high levels of use and are suitable for many sports
  • can be played on more frequently and for longer than grass
  • provides consistent condition
51
Q

Disadvantages of artificial surfaces?

A
  • too rigid - risk of ligament and joint injuries
  • further developments in technology have rectified some of these issues though
52
Q

What is multi- use games areas (MUGA)?

A
  • many schools and sports clubs use mUGA
    Is made up of artifical grass (astroturf)
  • helps increase participation
53
Q

What are the functions of Sport Analytics?

A
  • monitoring fitness for performance
  • skill and technique development
  • injury prevention
  • game analysis
  • talent ID/ scouting
54
Q

How is sport analytics used for Talent ID?

A

Technology can be used in ‘pathway analytics’ as a method of systematically profiling the effectiveness of performers on different Olympic pathways

55
Q

What is an example of when technology has been used for Talent ID?

A

TALL AND TALENTED
- requires technically gifted sports performers to be above a certain height for sports like basketball and rowing

56
Q

Positives of technology on SPORT

A
  • increased participation levels through adapted equipment
  • improve quality of facilities and surfaces
  • provides meaningful data via GPS systems
57
Q

Negative of technology on SPORT

A
  • can be misleading data depending on tactics of the sport
  • can be expensive so inequalities might exist
  • can lead to paralysis by analysis
  • can have placebo effect (increased confidence)
58
Q

Positives of technology on PERFORMER

A
  • improved clothing/ footwear ( speedo use polyurethane to reduce drag and compress muscles to create sensation of buoyancy)
  • improved sports equipment
    -improved protective equipment (cricket helmets)
  • improved recovery from training (compression clothing)
  • improved recovery from injury (02 tents)
  • detailed scientific analysis of performance via gPS data
  • increased knowledge of diet and sports supplements
  • advancements in drug testing technology
59
Q

Negativties of technology on SPORT

A
  • can lead to injury or over aggression e.g blades, protective equipment lead to invincible feeling
  • cheating through use of drugs
  • expensive - leading to inequalities
  • not everyone has funding available to invest and research
60
Q

Positives of technology on COACH

A
  • highly informative and detailed analysis of performance
  • can assess players tactically, technically and physiologically
  • focus training sessions based on info
61
Q

Negatitives of technology on COACH

A
  • can be a hindrance if over-emphasis on data
  • computers could be hacked and data lost/exploited
62
Q

Positives of technology on SPECTATORS

A
  • stats are easy to gather and find
  • rugby officials are mic’d up increases involvement and excitement in audience
  • increased intrest in tennis with use hawk-eye
  • ensures the right decisions are reached
  • helps officials communicate with each other
63
Q

Negatives of technology on SPECTATORS

A
  • a loss of respect in the crowd for the official
  • costs limit use of technology at events - inconsistent experiences
  • breaks in play can be disruptive if decisions take too long or ref is over-reliant on it -> affects experience

PE - Sport and society (6 decks)

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