Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

aDEMS unit 2- Lindseys > TCA Cycle > Flashcards

TCA Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Pyruvate produced by glycolysis can enter the _____ where it is converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle to be oxidized to CO2.

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of ______ come from the inability to oxidize pyruvate.

A

Thiamine deficiency (Wernicke’s encephalopathy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name 4 vitamins that are essential to the mitochondrial coenzymes.

A
  1. thiamine (vit B1)- TPP
  2. riboflavin (vit B2)- FAD
  3. niacin- NAD
  4. pantothenate- coenzyme A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is diagnostic for Thiamine deficiency (Wernicke’s encephalopathy)?

A

high levels of pyruvate in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)?

A

to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 5 coenzymes required for alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.

A
  1. TPP
  2. lipoic acid
  3. CoASH
  4. FAD
  5. NAD+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl-CoA via alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. A second ____ and _____ are formed here, too.

A
  • CO2
  • NADH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the fasting state in the liver, pyruvate coming from lactate is converted to ______.

A

oxaloacetate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In step 1 of TCA, condensation btw acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate yield _____ via citrate synthase.

A

citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Succinate is oxidized to fumarate via ______ via passage of electrons to coenzyme Q via FADH in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

A

succinate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Succinate is oxidized to fumarate via succinate dehydrogenase via passage of electrons to coenzyme Q via FADH in the _______.

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TCA and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the _____.

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Malate is oxidized to _______ via malate dehydrogenase and the 3rd NADH is formed.

A

oxaloacetate (OAA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is regenerated at the end of TCA?

A
  • oxaloacetate
  • NADH
  • FADH2
  • GTP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl-CoA via ______. A second CO2 and NADH are formed here, too.

A

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fumarate is hydrated to malate via ______.

A

fumarase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

______ is hydrated to malate via fumarase.

A

Fumarate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is succinyl-CoA significant?

A
  • entrance point for aa’s that contribute to gluconeogenesis AND
  • for the products of breakdown of fatty acids w/ an odd # of Cs for gluconeogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate via ______. Here the first CO2 and NADH are also formed.

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Isocitrate is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate via isocitrate dehydrogenase. Here the first ____ and ____ are also formed.

A

CO2; NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

______ is oxidized to oxaloacetate (OAA) via malate dehydrogenase and the 3rd NADH is formed.

A

Malate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA? Where?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in the mitochondrial matrix

23
Q

Fumarate is hydrated to ______ via fumarase.

24
Q

In step 1 of TCA, condensation btw acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate yield _____ via citrate synthase.

25
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is converted to succinyl-CoA via alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. A second CO2 and NADH are formed here, too.
Alpha-ketoglutarate
26
Why is alpha-ketoglutarate significant?
entrance point for aa's that contribute to gluconeogenesis
27
\_\_\_\_\_ is involved in glycolysis as a feedback inhibitor of PFK1.
Citrate
28
In each turn of the TCA cycle, one acetyl group (2C) enters and _____ leave.
2 CO2
29
Isocitrate is converted to ______ via isocitrate dehydrogenase. Here the first CO2 and NADH are also formed.
alpha-ketoglutarate
30
Pyruvate produced by glycolysis can enter the mitochondria where it is converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters the TCA cycle to be oxidized to \_\_\_\_\_.
CO2
31
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is oxidized to fumarate via succinate dehydrogenase via passage of electrons to coenzyme Q via FADH in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Succinate
32
Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate (OAA) via ______ and the 3rd NADH is formed.
malate dehydrogenase
33
Why is fumarate significant?
* entrance point for aa's that contribute to gluconeogenesis AND * it's a byproduct of the urea cycle
34
In the fed state, pyruvate can be converted to \_\_\_\_\_, an aa used for protein synthesis.
alanine
35
Succinate is oxidized to ______ via succinate dehydrogenase via passage of electrons to coenzyme Q via FADH in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
fumarate
36
\_\_\_\_\_\_ is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate via isocitrate dehydrogenase. Here the first CO2 and NADH are also formed.
Isocitrate
37
Why is citrate significant?
it is where fatty acid synthesis takes off
38
In the fasting state in the liver, pyruvate coming from lactate is converted to oxaloacetate by \_\_\_\_\_\_.
pyruvate carboxylase
39
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is allosterically regulated by feedback inhibition by \_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_.
* ATP * acetyl CoA * NADH * fatty acids
40
Symptoms of Thiamine deficiency (Wernicke's encephalopathy) come from the inability to oxidize \_\_\_\_\_.
pyruvate
41
Malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate (OAA) via malate dehydrogenase and the 3rd ______ is formed.
NADH
42
Insulin typically phosphorylates or dephosphorylates?
dephos
43
Alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to ______ via alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. A second CO2 and NADH are formed here, too.
succinyl-CoA
44
In step 1 of TCA, condensation btw acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate yield citrate via \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
citrate synthase
45
Pyruvate produced by glycolysis can enter the mitochondria where it is converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters the ______ to be oxidized to CO2.
TCA cycle
46
Why is oxaloacetate (and malate) significant?
gluconeogenesis from pyruvate
47
Pyruvate produced by glycolysis can enter the mitochondria where it is converted to \_\_\_\_\_\_, which enters the TCA cycle to be oxidized to CO2.
acetyl-CoA
48
What signals the phosphatase that dephosphorylates PDH to activate it?
Ca++
49
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is allosterically activated by \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_.
* AMP * CoA * NAD
50
Citrate is involved in glycolysis as a feedback inhibitor of \_\_\_\_\_\_.
PFK1
51
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is active in the _____ state when insulin and ADP are high.
de-phosphorylated state
52
Excessive carb intake can lead to increased production of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which is converted to ______ available for fatty acid synthesis.
pyruvate; acetyl-CoA
53
Name 7 coenzymes found in the mitochondria that help convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
1. coenzyme A 2. thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) 3. prosthetic groups 4. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 5. nicotinamide 6. adenine dinucleotide (NAD) 7. lipoate
54
Where is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) located?
in the mitochondrial matrix

aDEMS unit 2- Lindseys (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions