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aDEMS unit 2- Lindseys > Pharm Deets > Flashcards

Pharm Deets Flashcards

1
Q

This diabetes drug inhibits GLP-1 break down, thereby enhancing pancreatic insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon secretion, but it does not alter gastric emptying or affect appetite.

A

DPP-4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4) inhibitors

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2
Q

Name 3 specific Sulfonlureas.

A
  1. glipizide (Glucotrol)
  2. glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)
  3. glimepiride (Amaryl)
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3
Q

_____ enhance endogenous insulin secretion.

A

Sulfonlureas

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4
Q

What are the contraindications for Metformin use?

A
  • CHF
  • IV contrast
  • renal impairment
  • metabolic acidosis
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5
Q

Drug class?

  • Metformin (Glucophage)
A

biguanide

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6
Q

What is Metformin’s effect on weight?

A

none- it’s weight neutral

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7
Q

What are the SEs of thiazolidinediones (TZD)?

A
  • fluid retention/edema
  • hemodilution
  • exacerbation of heart failure
  • atypical femur fractures
  • bladder cancer
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8
Q

Drug class?

  • glipizide (Glucotrol)
  • glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)
  • glimepiride (Amaryl)
A

Sulfonlureas

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9
Q

How do Sulfonlureas work?

A

close ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the beta-cell membrane –> depolarization of the membrane –> voltage-gated calcium channels open –> influx of calcium into the beta-cell –> fusion of insulin-containing secretory granules with the cell membrane –> insulin secretion

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10
Q

How are GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists administered?

A

sub-q

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11
Q

What are the SEs of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors?

A
  • UTIs
  • hypovolemia
  • hyperkalemia
  • increased fracture risk
  • euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
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12
Q

How are Sulfonlureas administered?

A

orally

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13
Q

What are the SEs of Metformin?

A
  • GI upset (n/v, bloating, diarrhea)
  • lactic acidosis (if underlying kidney/heart disease)
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14
Q

What are the SEs of Sulfonlureas?

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • weight gain
  • nausea
  • GI upset
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15
Q

This drug works by decreasing glucose reabsorption by the kidneys, increasing glucose excretion, and reducing circulating glucose levels.

A

Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors

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16
Q

How are Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors administered?

A

orally

17
Q

______ activate nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.

A

Thiazolidinediones (TZD)

18
Q

How are DPP-4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4) inhibitors administered?

A

orally

19
Q

How are thiazolidinediones (TZD) administered?

A

orally

20
Q

The insulin sensitizing effects of ______ seem to be mediated by stimulating adiponectin, a hormone made by adipose tissue.

A

thiazolidinediones (TZD)

21
Q

What are the SEs of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists?

A
  • weight loss
  • nausea
  • hypoglycemia
  • medullary thyroid carcinoma
22
Q

Binding of a ______ to a PPAR-gamma receptor leads to heterodimerization with a retinoic X receptor (RXR), which then binds to the promoter region of numerous genes, regulating the transcription of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and glucose and lipid metabolism.

A

thiazolidinedione (TZD)

23
Q

These drugs increase pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the beta-cell membrane, resulting in depolarization of the membrane, opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and allowing an influx of calcium into the beta-cell. This rise in intracellular calcium stimulates the fusion of insulin-containing secretory granules with the cell membrane, resulting in insulin secretion.

A

Sulfonlureas

24
Q

Drug class?

  • rosiglitazone (Avandia)
  • pioglitazone (Actos)
A

thiazolidinediones (TZD)

25
Q

The insulin sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones seem to be mediated by stimulating ______, a hormone made by adipose tissue.

A

adiponectin

26
Q

Which diabetes drug can cause hemolytic anemia in individuals with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency?

A

Sulfonlureas

27
Q

______ acts mainly at the liver to potentiate the suppressive effects of insulin on hepatic glucose production.

A

Metformin

28
Q

What are the SEs of DPP-4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4) inhibitors?

A
  • nasopharyngitis
  • headache
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • acute pancreatitis
29
Q

Binding of a thiazolidinedione (TZD) to a _____ leads to heterodimerization with a retinoic X receptor (RXR), which then binds to the promoter region of numerous genes, regulating the transcription of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and glucose and lipid metabolism.

A

PPAR-gamma receptor

aDEMS unit 2- Lindseys (7 decks)

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