Pharm Deets Flashcards
This diabetes drug inhibits GLP-1 break down, thereby enhancing pancreatic insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon secretion, but it does not alter gastric emptying or affect appetite.
DPP-4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4) inhibitors
Name 3 specific Sulfonlureas.
- glipizide (Glucotrol)
- glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)
- glimepiride (Amaryl)
_____ enhance endogenous insulin secretion.
Sulfonlureas
What are the contraindications for Metformin use?
- CHF
- IV contrast
- renal impairment
- metabolic acidosis
Drug class?
- Metformin (Glucophage)
biguanide
What is Metformin’s effect on weight?
none- it’s weight neutral
What are the SEs of thiazolidinediones (TZD)?
- fluid retention/edema
- hemodilution
- exacerbation of heart failure
- atypical femur fractures
- bladder cancer
Drug class?
- glipizide (Glucotrol)
- glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase)
- glimepiride (Amaryl)
Sulfonlureas
How do Sulfonlureas work?
close ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the beta-cell membrane –> depolarization of the membrane –> voltage-gated calcium channels open –> influx of calcium into the beta-cell –> fusion of insulin-containing secretory granules with the cell membrane –> insulin secretion
How are GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists administered?
sub-q
What are the SEs of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors?
- UTIs
- hypovolemia
- hyperkalemia
- increased fracture risk
- euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
How are Sulfonlureas administered?
orally
What are the SEs of Metformin?
- GI upset (n/v, bloating, diarrhea)
- lactic acidosis (if underlying kidney/heart disease)
What are the SEs of Sulfonlureas?
- hypoglycemia
- weight gain
- nausea
- GI upset
This drug works by decreasing glucose reabsorption by the kidneys, increasing glucose excretion, and reducing circulating glucose levels.
Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors
How are Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors administered?
orally
______ activate nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.
Thiazolidinediones (TZD)
How are DPP-4 (dipeptidylpeptidase-4) inhibitors administered?
orally
How are thiazolidinediones (TZD) administered?
orally
The insulin sensitizing effects of ______ seem to be mediated by stimulating adiponectin, a hormone made by adipose tissue.
thiazolidinediones (TZD)
What are the SEs of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists?
- weight loss
- nausea
- hypoglycemia
- medullary thyroid carcinoma
Binding of a ______ to a PPAR-gamma receptor leads to heterodimerization with a retinoic X receptor (RXR), which then binds to the promoter region of numerous genes, regulating the transcription of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and glucose and lipid metabolism.
thiazolidinedione (TZD)
These drugs increase pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the beta-cell membrane, resulting in depolarization of the membrane, opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and allowing an influx of calcium into the beta-cell. This rise in intracellular calcium stimulates the fusion of insulin-containing secretory granules with the cell membrane, resulting in insulin secretion.
Sulfonlureas
Drug class?
- rosiglitazone (Avandia)
- pioglitazone (Actos)
thiazolidinediones (TZD)
