TBL Module 4-6 Questions

Question 1

Which type of neural tube defect is associated with Type II Arnold Chiari malformation?

Answer 1

myelomeningocele SB

Question 2

What is the most common type of CP?

Answer 2

spastic

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a Type I Arnold Chiari malformation?
A) causes compressive ischemia of the posterior cerebral artery
B) characterized by neurofibrillary tangles in the cytoplasm of neurons
C) herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum
D) caused by formation of a syrinx

Answer 3

C) herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum

Question 4

Which neural tube defect presents with sac over the spine at birth filled only with fluid?

Answer 4

meningocele

Question 5

Which condition is associated with a syrinx in the central canal?

Answer 5

syringomyelia

Question 6

Which tract is affected by a syrinx?

Answer 6

spinothalamic

Question 7

Which condition is associated with a cape like distribution of decreased pain and temp sensation?

Answer 7

syringomyelia

Question 8

Cerebral palsy is the most common __________ disability in childhood

Answer 8

motor

Question 9

What type of gait is associated with spastic CP?

Answer 9

scissor

Question 10

Which condition is caused by failure of the rostral neuropore to close?

Answer 10

anencephaly

Question 11

Athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy primarily affects the ______________

Answer 11

basal ganglia

Question 12

Which type of cerebral palsy causes damage to the cerebellum or its pathways?

Answer 12

ataxic

Question 13

Which condition can be caused by an Rh negative mother carrying an Rh positive fetus?

Answer 13

cerebral palsy

Question 14

What is the histopathological finding with syringomyelia?

Answer 14

a cyst within the spinal cord containing CSF

Question 15

Which type of cerebral palsy is associated with intellectual disabilities?

Answer 15

mixed

Question 16

What causes a hemorrhagic type stroke?

Answer 16

rupture of blood vessel

Question 17

How does long term use of mechanical ventilation affect CNS tissue in a person who is “brain dead”?

Answer 17

liquefaction of myelin

Question 18

The _______________ artery is the most common location of an ischemic stroke

Answer 18

middle cerebral

Question 19

What is Bell’s palsy?

Answer 19

unilateral facial paralysis caused by compression of CN VII

Question 20

What is the primary cause of cytotoxic edema?

Answer 20

hypoxia due to ischemia

Question 21

Which type of ischemic stroke is caused by a clot that travels?

Answer 21

embolic

Question 22

The following are the most common causes of vertebral dissection EXCEPT
A) whiplash
B) spot injuries
C) heavy weight lifting
D) chiropractic adjustments

Answer 22

D) chiropractic adjustments

Question 23

Interstitial edema is caused by ______________________

Answer 23

abnormally high intravascular pressure

Question 24

Which nerve is affected with Bell’s palsy?

Answer 24

facial

Question 25

What happens to a blood vessel during post stroke vasogenic edema?

Answer 25

the tight junctions breakdown

Question 26

How does post stroke cytotoxic edema affect neurons?

Answer 26

neurons begin to swell

Question 27

A vertebral artery dissection begins with _________________

Answer 27

an endothelial tear

Question 28

Which type of ischemic stroke is often preceded by a "ministroke" (aka TIA)?

Answer 28

thrombotic

Question 29

What causes a thrombotic stroke?

Answer 29

plaque

Question 30

Where do watershed infarcts occur?

Answer 30

the zone between 2 cerebral arteries

Question 31

osmotic edema in the brain is caused by _______ levels of _________ in the blood

Answer 31

low, sodium

Question 32

What is a pathogenesis of interstitial edema?

Answer 32

high blood pressure

Question 33

Which disorder is associated with spontaneous vertebral artery dissection?

Answer 33

Marfan syndrome

Question 34

Which condition is associated with the inability to wrinkle the forehead?

Answer 34

bell's palsy

Question 35

A shower embolism is caused by ___________ blocking an artery in the brain

Answer 35

fat

Question 36

Which of the following is the most common cause of viral meningitis? A) listeria monocytogenes B) enterovirus C) E. coli D) Neisseria meningitides

Answer 36

B) enterovirus

Question 37

How is rabies transmitted to humans?

Answer 37

by the bite of a rabid animal

Question 38

Which condition causes tabes dorsalis?

Answer 38

syphilis

Question 39

Which is the most likely place to contract lyme disease? A) hiking through a national forest B) swimming in a warm lake C) playing in the sun at the beach D) walking in a dark alley full of warm exhaust vents

Answer 39

A) hiking through a national forest

Question 40

What type of microorganism causes pyogenic meningitis?

Answer 40

non-spirochete bacteria

Question 41

Which condition is the most common cause of fetal sporadic encephalitis in the US?

Answer 41

herpes simplex II

Question 42

Individuals with Crohn's disease (chronic gastritis) may develop Wernicke's encephalopathy as a result of _________________________

Answer 42

thiamine deficiency

Question 43

What is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 43

diabetes mellitus

Question 44

How does uncontrolled hyperglycemia affect micro-vessels supplying peripheral neurons?

Answer 44

causes them to become leaky

Question 45

What happens to a neuron if the axoplasmic transport system deteriorates?

Answer 45

the neuron will not receive enough NGF to maintain the structure and the neuron's axon will begin to deteriorate

Question 46

Which condition shows the clinical feature of an erythema migrans?

Answer 46

lyme's disease

Question 47

What is the histopathological finding with herpes simplex encephalitis?

Answer 47

death of cortical neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes

Question 48

These conditions can manifest chronic meningitis EXCEPT A) lyme disease B) neurosyphilis C) herpes zoster D) TB

Answer 48

C) herpes zoster

Question 49

Which condition shows Negri bodies within the neuron?

Answer 49

rabies

Question 50

Which infection can cause the most damage to CNS neurons in a person with exacerbated multiple sclerosis?

Answer 50

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 51

Which histopathological finding is seen with Wernicke's syndrome?

Answer 51

necrosis of mammillary bodies

Question 52

Which condition inhibits retrograde transport of NGF?

Answer 52

diabetic neuropathy

Question 53

This condition presents with a rash following a dermatome

Answer 53

herpes zoster

Question 54

Which condition/organism can cause Bell's palsy?

Answer 54

neuroborreliosis

Question 55

The rabies virus is carried in the CNS via _________________ transport

Answer 55

retrograde axoplasmic