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Neuropathophysiology > TBL Module 4-6 Questions > Flashcards

TBL Module 4-6 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of neural tube defect is associated with Type II Arnold Chiari malformation?

A

myelomeningocele SB

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2
Q

What is the most common type of CP?

A

spastic

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3
Q

Which of the following best describes a Type I Arnold Chiari malformation?
A) causes compressive ischemia of the posterior cerebral artery
B) characterized by neurofibrillary tangles in the cytoplasm of neurons
C) herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum
D) caused by formation of a syrinx

A

C) herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum

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4
Q

Which neural tube defect presents with sac over the spine at birth filled only with fluid?

A

meningocele

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5
Q

Which condition is associated with a syrinx in the central canal?

A

syringomyelia

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6
Q

Which tract is affected by a syrinx?

A

spinothalamic

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7
Q

Which condition is associated with a cape like distribution of decreased pain and temp sensation?

A

syringomyelia

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8
Q

Cerebral palsy is the most common __________ disability in childhood

A

motor

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9
Q

What type of gait is associated with spastic CP?

A

scissor

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10
Q

Which condition is caused by failure of the rostral neuropore to close?

A

anencephaly

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11
Q

Athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy primarily affects the ______________

A

basal ganglia

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12
Q

Which type of cerebral palsy causes damage to the cerebellum or its pathways?

A

ataxic

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13
Q

Which condition can be caused by an Rh negative mother carrying an Rh positive fetus?

A

cerebral palsy

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14
Q

What is the histopathological finding with syringomyelia?

A

a cyst within the spinal cord containing CSF

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15
Q

Which type of cerebral palsy is associated with intellectual disabilities?

A

mixed

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16
Q

What causes a hemorrhagic type stroke?

A

rupture of blood vessel

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17
Q

How does long term use of mechanical ventilation affect CNS tissue in a person who is “brain dead”?

A

liquefaction of myelin

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18
Q

The _______________ artery is the most common location of an ischemic stroke

A

middle cerebral

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19
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

unilateral facial paralysis caused by compression of CN VII

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20
Q

What is the primary cause of cytotoxic edema?

A

hypoxia due to ischemia

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21
Q

Which type of ischemic stroke is caused by a clot that travels?

A

embolic

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22
Q

The following are the most common causes of vertebral dissection EXCEPT
A) whiplash
B) spot injuries
C) heavy weight lifting
D) chiropractic adjustments

A

D) chiropractic adjustments

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23
Q

Interstitial edema is caused by ______________________

A

abnormally high intravascular pressure

24
Q

Which nerve is affected with Bell’s palsy?

A

facial

25
Q

What happens to a blood vessel during post stroke vasogenic edema?

A

the tight junctions breakdown

26
Q

How does post stroke cytotoxic edema affect neurons?

A

neurons begin to swell

27
Q

A vertebral artery dissection begins with _________________

A

an endothelial tear

28
Q

Which type of ischemic stroke is often preceded by a “ministroke” (aka TIA)?

A

thrombotic

29
Q

What causes a thrombotic stroke?

A

plaque

30
Q

Where do watershed infarcts occur?

A

the zone between 2 cerebral arteries

31
Q

osmotic edema in the brain is caused by _______ levels of _________ in the blood

A

low, sodium

32
Q

What is a pathogenesis of interstitial edema?

A

high blood pressure

33
Q

Which disorder is associated with spontaneous vertebral artery dissection?

A

Marfan syndrome

34
Q

Which condition is associated with the inability to wrinkle the forehead?

A

bell’s palsy

35
Q

A shower embolism is caused by ___________ blocking an artery in the brain

A

fat

36
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of viral meningitis?
A) listeria monocytogenes
B) enterovirus
C) E. coli
D) Neisseria meningitides

A

B) enterovirus

37
Q

How is rabies transmitted to humans?

A

by the bite of a rabid animal

38
Q

Which condition causes tabes dorsalis?

A

syphilis

39
Q

Which is the most likely place to contract lyme disease?
A) hiking through a national forest
B) swimming in a warm lake
C) playing in the sun at the beach
D) walking in a dark alley full of warm exhaust vents

A

A) hiking through a national forest

40
Q

What type of microorganism causes pyogenic meningitis?

A

non-spirochete bacteria

41
Q

Which condition is the most common cause of fetal sporadic encephalitis in the US?

A

herpes simplex II

42
Q

Individuals with Crohn’s disease (chronic gastritis) may develop Wernicke’s encephalopathy as a result of _________________________

A

thiamine deficiency

43
Q

What is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy?

A

diabetes mellitus

44
Q

How does uncontrolled hyperglycemia affect micro-vessels supplying peripheral neurons?

A

causes them to become leaky

45
Q

What happens to a neuron if the axoplasmic transport system deteriorates?

A

the neuron will not receive enough NGF to maintain the structure and the neuron’s axon will begin to deteriorate

46
Q

Which condition shows the clinical feature of an erythema migrans?

A

lyme’s disease

47
Q

What is the histopathological finding with herpes simplex encephalitis?

A

death of cortical neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes

48
Q

These conditions can manifest chronic meningitis EXCEPT
A) lyme disease
B) neurosyphilis
C) herpes zoster
D) TB

A

C) herpes zoster

49
Q

Which condition shows Negri bodies within the neuron?

A

rabies

50
Q

Which infection can cause the most damage to CNS neurons in a person with exacerbated multiple sclerosis?

A

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

51
Q

Which histopathological finding is seen with Wernicke’s syndrome?

A

necrosis of mammillary bodies

52
Q

Which condition inhibits retrograde transport of NGF?

A

diabetic neuropathy

53
Q

This condition presents with a rash following a dermatome

A

herpes zoster

54
Q

Which condition/organism can cause Bell’s palsy?

A

neuroborreliosis

55
Q

The rabies virus is carried in the CNS via _________________ transport

A

retrograde axoplasmic

Neuropathophysiology (16 decks)

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