TBL Module 4-6 Questions Flashcards
Which type of neural tube defect is associated with Type II Arnold Chiari malformation?
myelomeningocele SB
What is the most common type of CP?
spastic
Which of the following best describes a Type I Arnold Chiari malformation?
A) causes compressive ischemia of the posterior cerebral artery
B) characterized by neurofibrillary tangles in the cytoplasm of neurons
C) herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum
D) caused by formation of a syrinx
C) herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum
Which neural tube defect presents with sac over the spine at birth filled only with fluid?
meningocele
Which condition is associated with a syrinx in the central canal?
syringomyelia
Which tract is affected by a syrinx?
spinothalamic
Which condition is associated with a cape like distribution of decreased pain and temp sensation?
syringomyelia
Cerebral palsy is the most common __________ disability in childhood
motor
What type of gait is associated with spastic CP?
scissor
Which condition is caused by failure of the rostral neuropore to close?
anencephaly
Athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy primarily affects the ______________
basal ganglia
Which type of cerebral palsy causes damage to the cerebellum or its pathways?
ataxic
Which condition can be caused by an Rh negative mother carrying an Rh positive fetus?
cerebral palsy
What is the histopathological finding with syringomyelia?
a cyst within the spinal cord containing CSF
Which type of cerebral palsy is associated with intellectual disabilities?
mixed
What causes a hemorrhagic type stroke?
rupture of blood vessel
How does long term use of mechanical ventilation affect CNS tissue in a person who is “brain dead”?
liquefaction of myelin
The _______________ artery is the most common location of an ischemic stroke
middle cerebral
What is Bell’s palsy?
unilateral facial paralysis caused by compression of CN VII
What is the primary cause of cytotoxic edema?
hypoxia due to ischemia
Which type of ischemic stroke is caused by a clot that travels?
embolic
The following are the most common causes of vertebral dissection EXCEPT
A) whiplash
B) spot injuries
C) heavy weight lifting
D) chiropractic adjustments
D) chiropractic adjustments
Interstitial edema is caused by ______________________
abnormally high intravascular pressure
Which nerve is affected with Bell’s palsy?
facial
What happens to a blood vessel during post stroke vasogenic edema?
the tight junctions breakdown
How does post stroke cytotoxic edema affect neurons?
neurons begin to swell
A vertebral artery dissection begins with _________________
an endothelial tear
Which type of ischemic stroke is often preceded by a “ministroke” (aka TIA)?
thrombotic
What causes a thrombotic stroke?
plaque
Where do watershed infarcts occur?
the zone between 2 cerebral arteries
osmotic edema in the brain is caused by _______ levels of _________ in the blood
low, sodium
What is a pathogenesis of interstitial edema?
high blood pressure
Which disorder is associated with spontaneous vertebral artery dissection?
Marfan syndrome
Which condition is associated with the inability to wrinkle the forehead?
bell’s palsy
A shower embolism is caused by ___________ blocking an artery in the brain
fat
Which of the following is the most common cause of viral meningitis?
A) listeria monocytogenes
B) enterovirus
C) E. coli
D) Neisseria meningitides
B) enterovirus
How is rabies transmitted to humans?
by the bite of a rabid animal
Which condition causes tabes dorsalis?
syphilis
Which is the most likely place to contract lyme disease?
A) hiking through a national forest
B) swimming in a warm lake
C) playing in the sun at the beach
D) walking in a dark alley full of warm exhaust vents
A) hiking through a national forest
What type of microorganism causes pyogenic meningitis?
non-spirochete bacteria
Which condition is the most common cause of fetal sporadic encephalitis in the US?
herpes simplex II
Individuals with Crohn’s disease (chronic gastritis) may develop Wernicke’s encephalopathy as a result of _________________________
thiamine deficiency
What is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy?
diabetes mellitus
How does uncontrolled hyperglycemia affect micro-vessels supplying peripheral neurons?
causes them to become leaky
What happens to a neuron if the axoplasmic transport system deteriorates?
the neuron will not receive enough NGF to maintain the structure and the neuron’s axon will begin to deteriorate
Which condition shows the clinical feature of an erythema migrans?
lyme’s disease
What is the histopathological finding with herpes simplex encephalitis?
death of cortical neurons in the frontal and temporal lobes
These conditions can manifest chronic meningitis EXCEPT
A) lyme disease
B) neurosyphilis
C) herpes zoster
D) TB
C) herpes zoster
Which condition shows Negri bodies within the neuron?
rabies
Which infection can cause the most damage to CNS neurons in a person with exacerbated multiple sclerosis?
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Which histopathological finding is seen with Wernicke’s syndrome?
necrosis of mammillary bodies
Which condition inhibits retrograde transport of NGF?
diabetic neuropathy
This condition presents with a rash following a dermatome
herpes zoster
Which condition/organism can cause Bell’s palsy?
neuroborreliosis
The rabies virus is carried in the CNS via _________________ transport
retrograde axoplasmic
