TBL: Consciousness, sedation + anaesthesia

Question 1

Z-drugs share the same MOA as what drug class?

Answer 1

Benzodiazepines

Question 2

Z-drugs and benzodiazepines positively modulate which receptor?

Answer 2

GABAA

Question 3

Z-drugs and benzodiazepines bind to GABAA receptor, which facilitates the opening of the channel when GABA binds. The opening of the channel allows what ion into the cell?

Answer 3

Cl-

Question 4

Which receptors are present at the NMJ?

Answer 4

Nicotinic receptors.

Question 5

What is the MOA of pancuronium (a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent)?

Answer 5

It competitively inhibits the nicotinic receptor of ACh at the NMJ.

Question 6

Which neuromuscular blocking agent activates the nicotinic receptor at the NMJ?

Answer 6

Succinylcholine.

Question 7

Where is the ‘hot zone’ of consciousness?

Answer 7

In the posterior cortical regions of the parietal, temporal and occipital lobes.

Question 8

What is the ‘emotional core’ of the brain?

Answer 8

The limbic system.

Question 9

An unrousable unconsciousness lasting more than 6 hours would be classes as what?

Answer 9

A coma.

Question 10

An overdose of which drug class can lead to an anaesthetic/sedative effect (general anaesthesia)?

Answer 10

Opioids

Question 11

What drug class is naloxone?

Answer 11

Opioid antagonist.
Reverses opioid toxicity.

Question 12

Flumazenil is the reversal agent for which drug class?

Answer 12

Benzodiazepines.

Question 13

When GABA binds to GABAA + is facilitated by Z-drugs or benzodiazepines, the channel opens and Cl- flow through. Does this lead to an excitatory or inhibitory effect?

Answer 13

Inhibitory.