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NSB Lectures > Eating disorders seminar > Flashcards

Eating disorders seminar Flashcards

1
Q

Which gender are eating disorders more prevalent in?

A

Females

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2
Q

What are the key characteristics of anorexia nervosa?

A

Weight 15% below expected or BMI <17.5
Intentional weight loss - restricting food etc
Body image distortion
Fear of weight gain
Loss of menstration or sexual interest
Delayed puberty

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3
Q

Which eating disorder has the highest mortality of all mental health disorders?

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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4
Q

What are some long term complications from anorexia nervosa?

A

Death
Osteoporosis
Osteopenia
Infertility

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5
Q

What is the average duration of illness in anorexia and bulimia?

A

8 years in anorexia
5 years in bulimia

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6
Q

Is there a poorer or better prognosis if symptoms before treatment in anorexia is >3 years?

A

Poorer prognosis

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7
Q

Which condition is x4 more common than anorexia?

A

Bulimia nervosa

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8
Q

Around what percentage of patients with anorexia or bulimia have a full recovery?

A

45%

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9
Q

What is the DSM-5 criteria for bulimia nervosa?

A

Eating large amounts with a lack of control.
Inappropriate behaviours to prevent weight gain e.g. vomiting, laxatives, diuretics.
At least once a week for 3 months

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10
Q

What psychological treatments are there for bulimia and binge eating disorders in adults?

A

Guided self help online.bibliotherapy
CBT-ED - 20 sessions over 20 weeks
DBT

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11
Q

What is binge eating disorder?

A

Significant loss of control and eating large amounts of food, even when not hungry.
No compensatory behaviours (different from bulimia where there are)

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12
Q

What can binge eating disorder cause?

A

Weight gain
HTN
High cholesterol
Heart disease

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13
Q

What is ARFID?

A

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Eating disturbance with a failure to meet nutritional/energy needs.
Associated with one of: significant weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional supplements, interference with social functioning.

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14
Q

What disorder describes atypical AN, BN or BED but does not meet the criteria for the disorders?

A

OFSED - Other specified feeding or eating disorders

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15
Q

In patients with what conditions is ARFID more likely to occur in?

A

ASD
ADD
Anxiety
OCD
Trauma history

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16
Q

How is ARFID treated?

A

Dependent on underlying cause e.g. fear based or sensory based (CBT or de-sensitisation behavioural hierarchy).

17
Q

What causes eating disorders?

A

Multi-factorial - no single cause.
Pre-disposing risk factors - biopsychosocial

18
Q

What biological risk factors are there for eating disorders?

A

50% heritability of BN and BED.
Twin based heritability 50-60% in AN.
Gender (female)
Age (younger)

19
Q

What psychological predisposing factors are there for AN and BN?

A

AN - perfectionist, anxiety, social impairment
BN - impulsivity, depression
Low self-esteem for both.

20
Q

What social predisposing factors are there for eating disorders?

A

Trauma for BED
Parental comments about weight + maternal dieting
Maternal emotional well-being + parental style
Social pressure to be thin
Social media exposure
Bullying/teasing by peers

21
Q

Inflexibility, anxious temperament, perfectionism and a low tolerance of uncertainty is linked to which eating disorder?

A

Anorexia

22
Q

What is alexithymia?

A

Unable to identity or describe emotions

23
Q

From the Minnesota starvation study, what emotional changes occurred in participants?

A

Mood deterioration - anxiety and anger
feelings of guilt around eating

24
Q

How does starvation affect cognition?

A

Thoughts are more preoccupied with food.
Impaired concentration, judgement and decision making

25
Q

What physical changes are a result of starvation?

A

Stomach aches
Dizziness
Decreased tolerance to the cold
Reduced strength
Tiredness
Headaches
Hair loss

26
Q

What psychological effects are a result of starvation?

A

Apathy/depression
Noise sensitivity
Decreased motivation
Poor sleep
Anxiety and obsessional behaviour
Preoccupation with food

27
Q

When would a bone density scan be needed in someone with anorexia?

A

If young person is underweight with amenorrhoea for 1-2 years

28
Q

Why is hormonal contraception not routinely used in someone with an eating disorder who has amenorrhoea?

A

The hormonal contraception can result in premature fusion of the epiphyses.

29
Q

What fatal syndrome can occur when food is reintroduced to someone with an eating disorder?

A

Re-feeding syndrome

30
Q

Why does re-feeding syndrome occur?

A

In starvation, insulin is decreased due to reduced carb intake.
This leads to intracellular loss of electrolyte, particularly phosphate.
When eating again, insulin is secreted which stimulates the cellular uptake of phosphate, leading to severe hypophosphatemia.

NSB Lectures (48 decks)

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