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Anatomy Unit 4 > TBL 27 > Flashcards

TBL 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What demarcates the terminal end of the pharyngeal gut?

A

The lung bud

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2
Q

Where does the pharyngeal gut extend cranially?

A

To the oropharyngeal membrane

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3
Q

What does the oropharyngeal membrane separate?

A

Endoderm-lined pharyngeal gut from stomodeum (primitive oral cavity)

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4
Q

What happens when the oropharyngeal membrane degenerates?

A

Oropharynx and oral cavity become continuous

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5
Q

What is the fauces and what are its boundaries?

A

Fauces is the throat, the space between the oral cavity and oropharynx
Superior: soft palate
Inferior: root of the tongue
Lateral: palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

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6
Q

What is the oropharynx continuous with distally?

A

Laryngopharynx

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7
Q

List the 3 pharyngeal segments

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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8
Q

Where is the piriform recess and what can happen with it?

A

In the laryngopharynx, it can entrap swallowed objects

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9
Q

What’s between the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches?

A

Tonsillar fossa, filled by palatine tonsil in children but only remnants remain in adults

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10
Q

How are tonsillar crypts formed?

A

By invagination of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the oropharynx at the tonsillar fossa

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11
Q

What connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear?

A

Pharyngotympanic/auditory tube

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12
Q

What and where are the adenoids?

A

The pharyngeal tonsil, superior to the bony portion of the auditory tube in mucosa of posterior wall of nasopharynx

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13
Q

What forms the incomplete ring surrounding the pharynx?

A

Lingual, palatine, and pharyngeal tonsils

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14
Q

Where does lymph from the tonsillar ring drain?

A

Jugulodigastric / tonsillar lymph nodes, part of the deep cervical lymph nodes that surround the IJV

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15
Q

Describe the salpingopharyngeal fold

A

It descends from the torus of the auditory tube into the oropharynx, formed by the salpingopharyngeus muscle that blends with the palatopharyngeus

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the inner pharyngeal wall?

A

Salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus

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17
Q

What are the muscles of the outer pharyngeal wall?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

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18
Q

Where are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles located?

A

Superior: naso- and oropharynx

Middle and inferior: laryngopharynx

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19
Q

Describe the 1st stage of swallowing

A

Voluntary, muscles of tongue and soft palate compress bolus against palate and push it into oropharynx

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20
Q

Describe the 2nd stage of swallowing

A

Involuntary and rapid, soft palate is elevated to seal off the nasopharynx from the oro- and laryngopharynx, suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract to shorten/widen pharynx and elevate larynx

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21
Q

Describe the 3rd stage of swallowing

A

Involuntary, all three pharyngeal constrictors contract to force bolus into esophagus by peristalsis

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22
Q

What traverses the jugular foramen?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) and CN X (vagus)

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23
Q

What forms the pharyngeal nerve plexus?

A

Motor fibers of CN X, sensory and motor fibers of CN IX

24
Q

What do the two ganglia of the pharyngeal nerve plexus do?

A

Convey somatic sensations from pharyngeal mucosa and posterior tongue to the brain
Convey taste sensations from posterior tongue to the brain

25
Q

What muscle does CN IX (glossopharyngeal) supply with motor fibers?

A

Stylopharyngeus

26
Q

What is derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

27
Q

Besides do the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches produce besides the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Muscles of the pharyngeal wall (except stylopharyngeus), all innervated by CN X
Hyaline cartilaginous skeleton and associated skeletal muscles of the larynx

28
Q

What does the thyrohyoid ligament connect?

A

Thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone, facilitating movement by hyoid muscles

29
Q

What does the thyrohyoid membrane connect?

A

Thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, facilitating movement by hyoid muscles

30
Q

How is the laryngeal prominence formed?

A

Anterior midline fusion of plate-like laminae of the thyroid cartilage

31
Q

Describe the arytenoid cartilages

A

Arytenoid cartilages are found between posterior separated laminae of the thyroid cartilage and articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage

32
Q

What differentiates the cricioid cartilage from the thyroid cartilage?

A

Cricoid forms a complete ring around the laryngeal airway while thyroid does not

33
Q

Where does the vocal ligament extend?

A

From arytenoid cartilages to midline junction of thyroid cartilage laminae

34
Q

Where do ary-epiglottic folds extend?

A

From arytenoid cartilages to epiglottis

35
Q

Where is the epiglottis?

A

Immediately posterior to the root of the tongue

36
Q

Describe the ary-epiglottic folds

A

They form the lateral and posterior walls of the laryngeal inlet and are composed of mucosa-covered ary-epiglottic ligaments with ary-epiglottic muscles within the mucosa

37
Q

What are the walls of the laryngeal inlet?

A

Anterior: epiglottis

Posterior and lateral: ary-epiglottic folds

38
Q

Describe the epiglottis

A

Attaches inferiorly to midline junction of thyroid laminae, composed of hyaline cartilage with elastic fibers to make it flexible

39
Q

Where is the glottis?

A

Between the vocal ligaments

40
Q

What is the space between the laryngeal inlet and vocal cords called?

A

Laryngeal vestibule

41
Q

What is the luminal space between the vocal cords and the trachae?

A

Infraglottic cavity

42
Q

What regulates the width of the glottis during speaking and respiration?

A

Laryngeal muscles

43
Q

What branches off of CN X to innervate the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve

44
Q

What are the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Internal and external laryngeal nerves

45
Q

What does the internal laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

Sensory to mucosa of laryngeal vestibule, middle laryngeal cavity, and superior surface of vocal cords

46
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

Motor to inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricothyroid muscle

47
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve terminate as?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

48
Q

What does the inferior laryngeal nerve do?

A

Provides somatic motor fibers to the laryngeal muscles

49
Q

What provides somatic motor fibers to the laryngeal muscles?

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

50
Q

What is the somatic sensory distribution of the inferior laryngeal nerve?

A

Mucosa of the infraglottic cavity

51
Q

What arteries give off the laryngeal arteries?

A

Superior and inferior thyroid arteries

52
Q

How do the superior laryngeal artery and internal laryngeal nerve enter the larynx?

A

By piercing the thyrohyoid membrane

53
Q

How do the inferior laryngeal artery and inferior laryngeal nerve reach the larynx?

A

By coursing along trachea

54
Q

What laryngeal muscles adduct the vocal cords?

A

Lateral crico-arytenoid, transverse and oblique arytenoids

55
Q

What laryngeal muscles abduct the vocal cords?

A

Posterior crico-arytenoid

56
Q

What laryngeal muscles tense the vocal cords?

A

Cricothyroid

57
Q

What laryngeal muscles relax the vocal cords?

A

Thyro-arytenoid, vocalis

Anatomy Unit 4 (7 decks)

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