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Anatomy Unit 4 > TBL 24 > Flashcards

TBL 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve crosses the external carotid artery at the origin of the facial and lingual arteries?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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2
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve cross the external carotid artery?

A

At the origin of the facial and lingual arteries

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3
Q

Where are the attachment sites of the two-bellied omohyoid muscle?

A

Scapula and hyoid

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4
Q

What muscle extends from the scapula to the hyoid bone?

A

Omohyoid muscle

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5
Q

What nerves are the strap muscles innervated by?

What is the exception?

A

Ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus

Exception: thyrohyoid innervated by C1

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6
Q

Which nerve transports C1 fibers to the thyrohyoid?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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7
Q

What is the name of the ganglion formed by the union of the inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion and the superior thoracic ganglion?

A

Stellate ganglion

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8
Q

What is the origin of the superior thyroid artery?

A

External carotid artery

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9
Q

What is the origin of the inferior thyroid artery?

A

Thyrocervical trunk emerging from the subclavian artery

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10
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Lingual, facial, and superior thyroid arteries

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11
Q

Is the thyroglossal duct an endodermal or ectodermal bud?

A

Endodermal

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12
Q

Where is the thyroglossal duct found?

A

Foramen cecum

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13
Q

What are parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland derived from?

A

Neural crest cells migrating into the 4th pharyngeal pouch

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14
Q

From which pharyngeal pouch do the thymus and inferior pair of parathyroid glands arise?

A

3rd pharyngeal pouch

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15
Q

From which pharyngeal pouch do the superior pair of parathyroid glands arise?

A

4th pharyngeal pouch

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16
Q

Are pharyngeal pouches endodermal or ectodermal?

A

Endodermal

17
Q

Are pharyngeal clefts endodermal or ectodermal?

A

Ectodermal

18
Q

How are the two lobes of the thyroid gland interconnected across the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings?

A

By the isthmus

19
Q

What is thyroglobulin?

A

Iodinated glycoprotein precursor of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine)

20
Q

What are three functions of thyroid hormones?

A
  1. Increase oxygen consumption
  2. Increase metabolic rate
  3. Promote normal growth, maturation, and mental activity
21
Q

What do parafollicular cells secrete?

A

Calcitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels to counterbalance action of parathyroid hormone

22
Q

What does parathyroid hormone do?

A

Mobilizes calcium from bone to raise blood calcium levels

23
Q

What blood vessel crosses the sternocleidomastoid?

A

External jugular vein

24
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain?

A

Scalp superior and posterior to the ear

25
Q

What does the internal jugular vein drain?

A

Brain, face, and cervical viscera

Anatomy Unit 4 (7 decks)

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