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Anatomy Unit 4 > TBL 26 > Flashcards

TBL 26 Flashcards

1
Q

From anterior to posterior, what forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxilla, ethmoid bone, vertical plate of the palatine bone

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2
Q

What lies posterior to the superior concha?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

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3
Q

What is the inferior nasal septum attached to?

A

The hard palate

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4
Q

What forms the nasal septum?

A

Septal cartilage anteriorly, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and vomer bone posteriorly

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5
Q

Where does mucociliary flow move filtrates in the nasal cavity?

A

Toward the pharynx

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6
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Air-filled cavities in cranial bones associated with the nasal cavity
Ethmoidal sinus (multichambered because of ethmoidal air cells)
Frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses (single-chambered)

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7
Q

What is a random function of the sinuses?

A

Reduce muscular workload required to maintain head in upright position

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8
Q

How much mucus does the mucosa of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses produce daily?

A

750 ml

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9
Q

What drains into the middle meatus?

A

Frontal and maxillary sinuses, anterior and middle ethmoidal air cells

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10
Q

What drains into the superior meatus?

A

Posterior ethmoidal air cell

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11
Q

What drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

Sphenoidal sinus

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12
Q

What is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery and what does it supply?

A

Sphenopalatine artery, supplies nasal mucosa

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13
Q

What resides on the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Olfactory mucosa

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14
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Superior aspect of the nasal septum
Superior nasal conchae

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15
Q

Describe olfactory cells

A

Bipolar neurons with dendritic cilia that are activated by odoriferous substances

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16
Q

What creates the nasal cavities and intervening nasal septum?

A

Deep penetration of the nasal pits into mesenchyme of the frontonasal prominence

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17
Q

What are outgrowths from the maxillary prominences called? What do they do?

A

Palatine shelves/processes

Fuse with each other and nasal septum

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18
Q

How is the secondary palate formed?

A

Fusion of palatine processes

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19
Q

What is the incisive foramen?

A

An opening at the midline between the primary and secondary palates

20
Q

What do the horizontal plates of the palatine bone do postnatally?

A

Unite with the secondary palate to complete formation of the posterior hard palate

21
Q

Describe the nasopalatine nerve

A

A branch of CN V2 that traverses sphenopalatine foramen into septal mucosa and then traverses incisive foramen to provide somatic sensory fibers to the mucosa of the anterior hard palate

22
Q

In what bone is the sphenopalatine foramen located?

A

Vertical plate of the palatine bone

23
Q

Through which bone does the palatine bone course?

A

Vertical plate of the palatine bone

24
Q

What does the root (posterior third) of the tongue attach to?

A

Mandibles and hyoid bone

25
Q

What is the lingual tonsil?

A

Aggregates of lymphoid nodules on the dorsum of the posterior tongue

26
Q

What drains into the submental lymph nodes?

A

Chin, central part of lower lip, apex of the tongue

27
Q

What drains into the submandibular lymph nodes?

A

Lateral portions of body of the tongue, upper lip, lateral parts of lower lip

28
Q

What drains into the deep cervical lymph nodes?

A

Root and central body of the tongue, parotid, occipital, mastoid lymph nodes, parathyroid and thyroid glands

29
Q

What creates a rough texture on the dorsum of the anterior tongue?

A

Tiny papillae

30
Q

Where are large papillae found?

A

Junction of root and body of the tongue

31
Q

Where are taste buds embedded

A

Epithelium of large papillae

32
Q

What conveys somatic sensory and somatic taste information from the posterior tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal CN IX

33
Q

Where does the genioglossus muscle extend?

A

From midline of mandible to hyoid bone and entire dorsum of tongue

34
Q

Where does the hyoglossus extend?

A

From the hyoid bone to inferolateral aspect of tongue

35
Q

What blood vessel does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) cross?

A

External carotid artery

36
Q

What do the mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles do?

A

Form muscular floor of oral cavity

37
Q

What does the inferior alveolar nerve branch into?

A 
Mental nerve (chin and lower lip)
Nerve to the mylohyoid (motor to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric)
38
Q

What is the geniohyoid innervated by? Is it suprahyoid or infrahyoid?

A

C1 (like thyrohyoid), it’s a suprahyoid muscle

39
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid

40
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid

41
Q

From where does the posterior of the digastric extend? What is it innervated by and why?

A

From mastoid process of temporal bone

CN VII because mastoid process is immediately posterior to the stylomastoid foramen

42
Q

How are postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers fom the submandibular ganglion carried to the sublingual and submandibular glands?

A

By the lingual artery

43
Q

How is the soft palate joined to the tongue and pharynx?

A

By the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

44
Q

What are the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches formed by?

A

Slender palatoglosus and palatopharyngeus muscles

45
Q

What muscles are formed from myoblasts of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches? What is the exception?

A

Muscles of the soft palate (levator palatine, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus)
Exception: tensor palatine comes from 1st pharyngeal arch

46
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the soft palate?

A

CN X (vagus nerve)

47
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, levator palatine, tensor palatine

Anatomy Unit 4 (7 decks)

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