Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Surg > TBI and Spinal cord Injuries > Flashcards

TBI and Spinal cord Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

TBI

A

7 million per year, motor vehicle accidents, sports, violence

people greatest at risk OA (falls), males of all ages, adolescents 15-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Scalp Injury

A

avulsion, laceration (infection and bleeding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Concussion

A

temporary loss of neuro function, no structural brain damage

blunt trauma- contact sports, etc- 80% of TBIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Open TBI

A

fractured/ perforated skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Closed TBI

A

blunt trauma, skull is intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Concussion symptoms

A

headaches, nausea, fatigue, photophobia, sound sensitivity, foggy sensation (improves with rest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Concussion red flags

A

decrease in LOC, worsening headache, irritability, seizures, slurred speech, pupillary changes, numbness/ weakness in arms/ legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Concussion- monitoring

A

headache, N/V, photophobia, amnesia, vision and pupil changes

awaken the pt q2h and check for difficulty speaking, confusion, severe headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

A

repeated concussions, degenerative brain disease with cerebral atrophy- found in athletes

similar to alzheimers- personality changes, memory impairments, speech and gait disturbances, Tau protein destroys brain cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of skull fractures

A

Simple (hairline), comminuted (splintered, compound), depressed (embeds in brain tissue), basilar (base of skull)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnosis of Skull fractures

A

CT/MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of a skull fracture

A

localized pain, headache, bleeding/ drainage from nose/ ears (may cause meningitis), battle’s sign (ecchymosis at mastoid), raccoon eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If CSF leak is suspected in the nose, what is contraindicated?

A

NG tube, nose suctioning, NOTHING in the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dextrostix

A

diagnostic for CSF, determines if sugar is present in fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Halo Sign

A

if you allow leaking fluid to drip on a gauze pad, if the blood coalesces to the center and a yellow ring encircles the blood, the ring is CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cerebral contusion

A

more common in frontal and temporal, may cause altered LOC, cerebral edema, cerebral hemorrhage, elevated ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Coup

A

contusion found at the site of impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contrecoup

A

location opposite the site of impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

venous bleeding between dura and brain, acute or chronic, occurs slowly

20
Q

craniotomy/ burr holes

A

evacuates clot, controls bleeding and decreases ICP- used for subdural and epidural

21
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

arterial, emergent, blood collects between skull and dura

drain may be inserted to prevent blood accumulation

22
Q

Intracerebral hematoma

A

bleeding w/in the brain tissue, causes edema and increased ICP

23
Q

Causes of intracerebral hematoma

A

traumatic injury, uncontrolled HTN, hemorrhagic CVA (MVA, cerebral aneurysm), tumors, anticoagulant meds complication

24
Q

Treatment of TBI

A

proper positioning, medications (mannitol, corticosteroids), ventilation, oxygen, management of pain and anxiety (propofol), quiet environment, decreased stimulations, no restraints

25
Q

Surgical interventions for TBI

A

burr holes- emergency, debridement and elevation of depressed bone

26
Q

SCI risk factors

A

younger age (16-30), male gender (80%), alcohol and drug use, MVA is primary, diving is primary for sport

27
Q

severity and manifestations of sci are determined by what

A

mechanism of injury, level of cord injury, type of lesion

28
Q

Mechanism of injury

A

hyperflexion, hyperextension, compression, displacement, penetration

29
Q

Vertebrae most often involved in lesions

A

C5-7, T12, L1

30
Q

Complete Lesion

A

loss of sensory and motor function, occurs below level of lesion (paraplegia/ quadraplegia)

31
Q

Incomplete Lesion

A

communication is not completely lost, some ability to relay messages to/from brain

32
Q

Tetraplegia

A

injury at or above C8

33
Q

Paraplegia

A

injury at or below T1

34
Q

C1, 2, 3 injury

A

inability to control muscles or breathing (no diaphragm control, continuous ventilatory support essential, unable to care for self, requires 24hr supervision

35
Q

C4 injury

A

will have head/ neck sensation and motor function, no upper extremity muscle function- can raise shoulders, minimal respiratory capacity, unable to feed self

36
Q

C5 injury

A

good head and neck control, can raise arms and bend elbows, may have paralysis of wrists and hands, can typically breathe on own but resp effort may be weakened, may be able to operate electric wheelchair and feed self, little or no voluntary control of bladder/ bowel

37
Q

C6 injury

A

partial strength of pec major, has wrist extension, may have paralysis of the hands, may be able to self propel in light weight wheelchair, can transfer self to wheelchair, may be able to drive adaptive vehicle, can feed self with devices, may be able to write, little/ no voluntary control of bladder/bowel

38
Q

C7 injury

A

needs wheelchair, some finger function, normal shoulder function, can dress lower legs, may be able to drive adaptive car, no b/b control

39
Q

T1-T5 injury

A

normal arm and hand motor fuction, can use manual wheelchair and adaptive car, may be able to stand using a standing frame, can use intercostal muscles to breath

40
Q

T6-T12 injury

A

normal upper body movement, should be able to cough normally, can use a manual wheelchair and adaptive car, may be able to walk with special braces

41
Q

ipsilateral paralysis

A

same side paralysis, motor function, pressure, vibration loss

42
Q

contralateral paralysis

A

opposite side paralysis, pain and temp loss

43
Q

Cauda equina

A

bundle of nerves that innervate the legs and bladder

44
Q

SCI: emergency treatment

A

rapid assessment, immobilization, extrication, resuscitation and stabilization, transport

45
Q

Spinal shock

A

affects 50% of SCI patients
SUDDEN LOSS OF REFLEX ACTIVITY…Below level of injury…ARREFLEXIA
Loss of motor & sensory function below level of SCI
caused by inflammation&raquo_space;» restricts blood flow below level of injury
Results in: bradycardia, hypotension
If edema resolves/decreases, pt. may recover reflexes, sensation, and motor
control
(depends on the severity of injury)
May involve respiratory muscles
Affects bowel & bladder reflexes
Lasts hours to months…typically1-6 weeks

46
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Associated with high cord injuries > T5-6
Loss of sympathetic nervous system function below level of
injury
Affects tone in blood vessels
Causes massive peripheral vasodilation
…and venous pooling occurs in lower extremities
Results in: BRADYCARDIA & HYPOTENSION
pt does not perspire

47
Q

Pulmonary complications

A

impaired ventilation, impaired respiratory muscles, inability to cough, IS, suctioning, trach care

Med Surg (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions