TBI

Question 1

Traumatic brain injury

Answer 1

change in brain function due to external force

Question 2

classifications of TBI

Answer 2

closed n open

Question 3

closed classification of TBI

Answer 3

meninges not brached

doesn’t need to be direct head hit

Question 4

open classification of TBI

Answer 4

engines breached

exposed brain/ laceration

Question 5

TBI mechanisms

Answer 5

coup
contre coup
sheairng
bruising
axonal tearing
anoxic injury

Question 6

primary brain injury

Answer 6

damage caused at time of injury
focal or diffuse
dec/shearing forces

Question 7

TBI severity dependent

Answer 7

primary brain injury

Question 8

diffuse axonal injury

Answer 8

shearing of axons
brain is injured as it shifts inside skull
causes coma
microscopic changes

Question 9

secondary injury

Answer 9

bleeding 
damage to internal structures
bruising
glutamate toxicity 
vasospasm (subarchnoid)

Question 10

Types of secondary injury

Answer 10

related to trauma, circulation related

Question 11

secondary injury circulation related

Answer 11

low systemic BP
hyperaemia
hypercapnia
intercranial haematoma

Question 12

hypoxaemia

Answer 12

decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood

Question 13

hypercapnia

Answer 13

too much c02 in blood

Question 14

hyperemia

Answer 14

low Pa02

Question 15

raised inter cranial pressure

Answer 15

often fatal

Question 16

post traumatic epilepsy

Answer 16

seizures after injury
may surface years later
common in severe injuries

Question 17

coma

Answer 17

altered state of cos

no stimulation will cause patient to respond

Question 18

T/f all patients with brain injury are comatose

Answer 18

false

Question 19

Glasgow Coma Score

Answer 19

Eye opening
verbal response
motor response

Question 20

Mild Glasgow coma score

Answer 20

13-15

Question 21

moderate Glasgow coma score

Answer 21

9-12

Question 22

severe Glasgow coma

Answer 22

<8

Question 23

components of paediatric Glasgow coma score

Answer 23

best eye response
best verbal response
best motor response

Question 24

advantages using Glasgow coma

Answer 24

simple
inter-observer reliability
correlates with outcome

Question 25

limitation using Glasgow coma

Answer 25

shock, drugs, all might alter score SC injury- the motor score irrelevent severe orbital trauma - can't test eye

Question 26

rancho level of cognition

Answer 26

good predictor of functional outcome after acute event

Question 27

how many levels of Racho cognition

Answer 27

10 (no response to purposeful )

Question 28

full assessment o ahead injury

Answer 28

``` glasgow coma score pulse BP asses pupil assess limbs ```

Question 29

patients with GSC less than __ require early intubation

Answer 29

8

Question 30

post acute deficits TBI

Answer 30

``` cogntiive motor sensory communciation functional social ```

Question 31

cognitive deficits

Answer 31

``` confusion short attention memory probelm judgment issues lack self awareness ```

Question 32

motor deficits

Answer 32

``` paralyis spasticity poor balance tremors swallowing ```

Question 33

sensory deficits

Answer 33

changes in hearing vision taste smell touch loss sensation proprioception

Question 34

communication / language deficits

Answer 34

difficult speaking difficult understanding problem identifying object problem reading writing

Question 35

functional deficits

Answer 35

ADL oraganization ,bills driving

Question 36

social deficits

Answer 36

self centered | making / keeping friends

Question 37

regulatory difficulties

Answer 37

fatigue dizziness headache bladder n bowel

Question 38

personality / psych difficulties

Answer 38

decreased motivation emotional irrabiltiy anxiety

Question 39

emotional recovery

Answer 39

physiological and social confusion denial anger

Question 40

T/f brain has higher energy use after injury

Answer 40

true

Question 41

glasgow outcome scale

Answer 41

``` good moderate disabiltiy severe disabilty vegetative state dead ```

Question 42

moderate disability

Answer 42

disabled but independent

Question 43

severe disability

Answer 43

conscious but dependent

Question 44

factors influencing outcome

Answer 44

nature of injury (extent, uni /bi lateral) premorbid health family support age

Question 45

rehab goals

Answer 45

return to highest level of function | improve quality of life

Question 46

success of rehab depends on

Answer 46

nature/severity of injury type of impairment overall health / age

Question 47

concussion grades

Answer 47

1-3

Question 48

grade 1 concussion

Answer 48

no LOC , dazed

Question 49

grade 2 concussion

Answer 49

no LOC, period of confusion , does not recall event

Question 50

grade 3 concussion

Answer 50

LOC | no memory of event

Question 51

concussion risks

Answer 51

contact sport, anti-coagulants, prior events

Question 52

concussion symptoms

Answer 52

``` headache vomitting change in pupil size memory loss confusion ```

Question 53

cognition memory complex function cortical or subcortical system

Answer 53

cortical

Question 54

sensory motor balance issues cortical or subcortical

Answer 54

subcortical

Question 55

post concussion syndrome

Answer 55

persistent headache memory changes vision changes overly emotional

Question 56

do you rest after concussion

Answer 56

yes avoid second injury but aerobic exercise good

Question 57

benefits of exercise

Answer 57

reduce cognitive impairment faiaclite neuroplascitiy improve learning outcomes

Question 58

what we don't know about concussion

Answer 58

when to start exercise | how strenuous is should be

Question 59

CTE

Answer 59

degenerative disease from history receptive trauma memory los, aggression, dementia , depression

Question 60

hallmark of CTE

Answer 60

tau deposits

Question 61

when can CTE be diagnosed

Answer 61

post mortem