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521 > TBI > Flashcards

TBI Flashcards

1
Q

Traumatic brain injury

A

change in brain function due to external force

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2
Q

classifications of TBI

A

closed n open

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3
Q

closed classification of TBI

A

meninges not brached

doesn’t need to be direct head hit

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4
Q

open classification of TBI

A

engines breached

exposed brain/ laceration

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5
Q

TBI mechanisms

A 
coup
contre coup
sheairng
bruising
axonal tearing
anoxic injury
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6
Q

primary brain injury

A

damage caused at time of injury
focal or diffuse
dec/shearing forces

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7
Q

TBI severity dependent

A

primary brain injury

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8
Q

diffuse axonal injury

A

shearing of axons
brain is injured as it shifts inside skull
causes coma
microscopic changes

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9
Q

secondary injury

A 
bleeding 
damage to internal structures
bruising
glutamate toxicity 
vasospasm (subarchnoid)
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10
Q

Types of secondary injury

A

related to trauma, circulation related

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11
Q

secondary injury circulation related

A

low systemic BP
hyperaemia
hypercapnia
intercranial haematoma

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12
Q

hypoxaemia

A

decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood

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13
Q

hypercapnia

A

too much c02 in blood

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14
Q

hyperemia

A

low Pa02

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15
Q

raised inter cranial pressure

A

often fatal

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16
Q

post traumatic epilepsy

A

seizures after injury
may surface years later
common in severe injuries

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17
Q

coma

A

altered state of cos

no stimulation will cause patient to respond

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18
Q

T/f all patients with brain injury are comatose

A

false

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19
Q

Glasgow Coma Score

A

Eye opening
verbal response
motor response

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20
Q

Mild Glasgow coma score

A

13-15

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21
Q

moderate Glasgow coma score

A

9-12

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22
Q

severe Glasgow coma

A

<8

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23
Q

components of paediatric Glasgow coma score

A

best eye response
best verbal response
best motor response

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24
Q

advantages using Glasgow coma

A

simple
inter-observer reliability
correlates with outcome

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25
Q

limitation using Glasgow coma

A

shock, drugs, all might alter score
SC injury- the motor score irrelevent
severe orbital trauma - can’t test eye

26
Q

rancho level of cognition

A

good predictor of functional outcome after acute event

27
Q

how many levels of Racho cognition

A

10 (no response to purposeful )

28
Q

full assessment o ahead injury

A 
glasgow coma score 
pulse 
BP
asses pupil 
assess limbs
29
Q

patients with GSC less than __ require early intubation

A

8

30
Q

post acute deficits TBI

A 
cogntiive
motor
sensory
communciation 
functional
social
31
Q

cognitive deficits

A 
confusion 
short attention 
memory probelm
judgment issues
lack self awareness
32
Q

motor deficits

A 
paralyis
spasticity
poor balance
tremors
swallowing
33
Q

sensory deficits

A

changes in hearing vision taste smell touch
loss sensation
proprioception

34
Q

communication / language deficits

A

difficult speaking
difficult understanding
problem identifying object
problem reading writing

35
Q

functional deficits

A

ADL
oraganization ,bills
driving

36
Q

social deficits

A

self centered

making / keeping friends

37
Q

regulatory difficulties

A

fatigue
dizziness
headache
bladder n bowel

38
Q

personality / psych difficulties

A

decreased motivation
emotional irrabiltiy
anxiety

39
Q

emotional recovery

A

physiological and social
confusion
denial
anger

40
Q

T/f brain has higher energy use after injury

A

true

41
Q

glasgow outcome scale

A 
good
moderate disabiltiy
severe disabilty
vegetative state
dead
42
Q

moderate disability

A

disabled but independent

43
Q

severe disability

A

conscious but dependent

44
Q

factors influencing outcome

A

nature of injury (extent, uni /bi lateral)
premorbid health
family support
age

45
Q

rehab goals

A

return to highest level of function

improve quality of life

46
Q

success of rehab depends on

A

nature/severity of injury
type of impairment
overall health / age

47
Q

concussion grades

A

1-3

48
Q

grade 1 concussion

A

no LOC , dazed

49
Q

grade 2 concussion

A

no LOC, period of confusion , does not recall event

50
Q

grade 3 concussion

A

LOC

no memory of event

51
Q

concussion risks

A

contact sport, anti-coagulants, prior events

52
Q

concussion symptoms

A 
headache 
vomitting
change in pupil size 
memory loss
confusion
53
Q

cognition memory complex function

cortical or subcortical system

A

cortical

54
Q

sensory motor balance issues

cortical or subcortical

A

subcortical

55
Q

post concussion syndrome

A

persistent headache memory changes vision changes

overly emotional

56
Q

do you rest after concussion

A

yes avoid second injury but aerobic exercise good

57
Q

benefits of exercise

A

reduce cognitive impairment
faiaclite neuroplascitiy
improve learning outcomes

58
Q

what we don’t know about concussion

A

when to start exercise

how strenuous is should be

59
Q

CTE

A

degenerative disease from history receptive trauma

memory los, aggression, dementia , depression

60
Q

hallmark of CTE

A

tau deposits

61
Q

when can CTE be diagnosed

A

post mortem

521 (9 decks)

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