Infection and Tumors Flashcards by jasmine mander

why is the brain well protected

blood brain barrier

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T/F WBC can acces brain easily

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meningitis from

bacteria

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who meningitis

infants , bad immune, living close (dorms)

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meningitis presentation

fever headache
brudzinski sign
focal CNS sign
seizures

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brudzinski sign

flex the neck, the hips n knee automatically flex too

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focal CNS signs

cranial nerve palsy

deaf

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T/F CNS signs will go away once emergency state of meningitis passed

might not

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pathologly meningitis

meninges inflamaed

bbb breakdown

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encephalitis

infection of brain and SC

infection of brain parenchyma

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difference meningitis and encephalitis

men: infection of meninges
en: infection of brain and SC

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encephalitis presentation

headache nasea vomitting
LOC
coma
medial temporal lobe

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T/F encephalitis can be caused by meningitis

yes

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T/F you can’t have meningitis and encephalitis

false you can

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medical temporal lobe

lets you make new memories

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primary pathology of encephalitis

viral infection (west nile)

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secondary pathology encephalitis

secondary to another viral infection

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whats encephalitis cause

cell necrosis
loss of plasma
scarring

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does encephalitis happen slow or fast

fast hours

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management of meningitis and encephalitis

URGENT

MRI, EEG
Antibiotic

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children take longer or less time to recover from meningitis and encephalitis

longer

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another name mad cow disease

prions

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prions

infection to motor system

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presentation prions

16-30ys

movement disorder/dementia

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pathology for prions

ingestion or via nose

time course prions

5-8 years incubation time

management of prions

symptom control

why we worried about prions

we can't kill these (usually cook n things are ok)

Creutzfeld jakod disease

loss of integrity of neural tissue

brain infection pt concerns

isolation process inter cranial pressure (positioning) behavioral changes monitering changes/. if infection reoccurs

alzheimer and prions similarities

leave amyloids | weak transmissibility

types of brain tumours

brain and benign

survival rate brain tumours

50%

infra tectorial

below brain stem | children

sera tectorial

adults

neoplasm classifications

intracerebel (primary and metastatic)

intra cerebral: primary tumours

neutrons dont prolifferate | caused by glia

intra cerebral : metastatic

from breast lung prostate

what increases when tumours grow too

edema cranial pressure permeabilty

what can tumours impede

CSF

compensation while the tumour grows

dec volume of brain tissue dec CSF volume dec cerebral blood volume

presentation primary tumours

``` worse cough bend exercise nausea papilledema LOS seizures ```

are primary tumours found small or big

big by the time discovered

papilledma

swelling of optic disc

stages of cancer

0-4

stage 0 cancer

cancer where it started

stage 1 cancer

cancer is small and hasn't spread

stage 2 cancer

cancer has grown but not spread

stage 3 cancer

cancer large may have spread to tissue / lymph

stage 4 cancer

cancer has spread to at least 1 other body organ

secondary or metastis cancers

stage 4 | has spread to atlas 1 other organ

primary tumour - gliomas grades

1-3

grade 1 gliomas

cancer cells look normal, slowly growing

grade 2 gliomas

cells don't look normal, growing quicker than normal

grade 3 gliomas

cells really don't look normal and growing quickly

risk factor primary tumour

none known (use to think phones)

types of gliomas

low grade / benign | malignant

low grade / benign tumours

narrow zones of infiltration | clear on images

malignant tumours

diffuse zones of infiltration

where can malignant tumours be

anywhere in CNS

who gets malignant tumours

adults

astrocytomas

from astrocyes don't spread outside brain n SC benign or malignant

oligodendroglioma

from oligodendoryctes of brain adults often malignant

medulloblastomas

highly malignant originated cerebellum / infratentorial rapid growing through CSF

low grade astrocytomas (benign)

non malignant progressive slow progress

where is low grade astrocytomas in kids and adults

adults cerebrum | children cerebellum

anapaestic astrocytoma (malignant)

``` aggressive infiltrative almost always re occur front and temporal lobs poor prognosis ```

oligodendroglioma (malignant )

slow solid 50% survive

medullobalstoma (malignant)

Veris of cerebellum fast, vascular spread in subarachnoid spade 70% survival

signs of intraspinal tumour

root pain - whose at night / cough

brain tumour management

image surgery / radiation control cranial pressure, swelling