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521 > Infection and Tumors > Flashcards

Infection and Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

why is the brain well protected

A

blood brain barrier

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2
Q

T/F WBC can acces brain easily

A

no

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3
Q

meningitis from

A

bacteria

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4
Q

who meningitis

A

infants , bad immune, living close (dorms)

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5
Q

meningitis presentation

A

fever headache
brudzinski sign
focal CNS sign
seizures

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6
Q

brudzinski sign

A

flex the neck, the hips n knee automatically flex too

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7
Q

focal CNS signs

A

cranial nerve palsy

deaf

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8
Q

T/F CNS signs will go away once emergency state of meningitis passed

A

might not

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9
Q

pathologly meningitis

A

meninges inflamaed

bbb breakdown

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10
Q

encephalitis

A

infection of brain and SC

infection of brain parenchyma

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11
Q

difference meningitis and encephalitis

A

men: infection of meninges
en: infection of brain and SC

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12
Q

encephalitis presentation

A

headache nasea vomitting
LOC
coma
medial temporal lobe

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13
Q

T/F encephalitis can be caused by meningitis

A

yes

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14
Q

T/F you can’t have meningitis and encephalitis

A

false you can

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15
Q

medical temporal lobe

A

lets you make new memories

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16
Q

primary pathology of encephalitis

A

viral infection (west nile)

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17
Q

secondary pathology encephalitis

A

secondary to another viral infection

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18
Q

whats encephalitis cause

A

cell necrosis
loss of plasma
scarring

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19
Q

does encephalitis happen slow or fast

A

fast hours

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20
Q

management of meningitis and encephalitis

A

URGENT

MRI, EEG
Antibiotic

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21
Q

children take longer or less time to recover from meningitis and encephalitis

A

longer

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22
Q

another name mad cow disease

A

prions

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23
Q

prions

A

infection to motor system

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24
Q

presentation prions

A

16-30ys

movement disorder/dementia

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25
Q

pathology for prions

A

ingestion or via nose

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26
Q

time course prions

A

5-8 years incubation time

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27
Q

management of prions

A

symptom control

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28
Q

why we worried about prions

A

we can’t kill these (usually cook n things are ok)

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29
Q

Creutzfeld jakod disease

A

loss of integrity of neural tissue

30
Q

brain infection pt concerns

A

isolation process
inter cranial pressure (positioning)
behavioral changes
monitering changes/. if infection reoccurs

31
Q

alzheimer and prions similarities

A

leave amyloids

weak transmissibility

32
Q

types of brain tumours

A

brain and benign

33
Q

survival rate brain tumours

A

50%

34
Q

infra tectorial

A

below brain stem

children

35
Q

sera tectorial

A

adults

36
Q

neoplasm classifications

A

intracerebel (primary and metastatic)

37
Q

intra cerebral: primary tumours

A

neutrons dont prolifferate

caused by glia

38
Q

intra cerebral : metastatic

A

from breast lung prostate

39
Q

what increases when tumours grow too

A

edema
cranial pressure
permeabilty

40
Q

what can tumours impede

A

CSF

41
Q

compensation while the tumour grows

A

dec volume of brain tissue
dec CSF volume
dec cerebral blood volume

42
Q

presentation primary tumours

A 
worse cough bend exercise
nausea 
papilledema
LOS
seizures
43
Q

are primary tumours found small or big

A

big by the time discovered

44
Q

papilledma

A

swelling of optic disc

45
Q

stages of cancer

A

0-4

46
Q

stage 0 cancer

A

cancer where it started

47
Q

stage 1 cancer

A

cancer is small and hasn’t spread

48
Q

stage 2 cancer

A

cancer has grown but not spread

49
Q

stage 3 cancer

A

cancer large may have spread to tissue / lymph

50
Q

stage 4 cancer

A

cancer has spread to at least 1 other body organ

51
Q

secondary or metastis cancers

A

stage 4

has spread to atlas 1 other organ

52
Q

primary tumour - gliomas grades

A

1-3

53
Q

grade 1 gliomas

A

cancer cells look normal, slowly growing

54
Q

grade 2 gliomas

A

cells don’t look normal, growing quicker than normal

55
Q

grade 3 gliomas

A

cells really don’t look normal and growing quickly

56
Q

risk factor primary tumour

A

none known (use to think phones)

57
Q

types of gliomas

A

low grade / benign

malignant

58
Q

low grade / benign tumours

A

narrow zones of infiltration

clear on images

59
Q

malignant tumours

A

diffuse zones of infiltration

60
Q

where can malignant tumours be

A

anywhere in CNS

61
Q

who gets malignant tumours

A

adults

62
Q

astrocytomas

A

from astrocyes
don’t spread outside brain n SC
benign or malignant

63
Q

oligodendroglioma

A

from oligodendoryctes of brain
adults
often malignant

64
Q

medulloblastomas

A

highly malignant
originated cerebellum / infratentorial
rapid growing through CSF

65
Q

low grade astrocytomas (benign)

A

non malignant
progressive
slow progress

66
Q

where is low grade astrocytomas in kids and adults

A

adults cerebrum

children cerebellum

67
Q

anapaestic astrocytoma (malignant)

A 
aggressive 
infiltrative
almost always re occur 
front and temporal lobs
poor prognosis
68
Q

oligodendroglioma (malignant )

A

slow
solid
50% survive

69
Q

medullobalstoma (malignant)

A

Veris of cerebellum
fast, vascular
spread in subarachnoid spade
70% survival

70
Q

signs of intraspinal tumour

A

root pain - whose at night / cough

71
Q

brain tumour management

A

image
surgery / radiation
control cranial pressure, swelling

521 (9 decks)

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