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542 > TBI > Flashcards

TBI Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a closed tbi

A

Skull intact
Focal and diffuse
Result of an outside force that impacts the head

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2
Q

Eg of a closed TBI

A

MVA
Falls
Acceleration or deceleration injury

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3
Q

Characteristics of an open TBI

A

Skull penetrated or fractured
More focal than diffuse
Dependent on shape, size, direction, and speed of the object

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4
Q

Where does the damage occur in an open TBI

A

Along the route of the object if it penetrates the skull

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5
Q

Eg of an open TBI

A

Gunshot wound

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6
Q

What is the glasgow coma scale

A

way to assess lvl of consciousness

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7
Q

What are the 3 categories of the GCS

A

Eye opening
Verbal Response
Motor Response

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8
Q

Levels of eye opening

A
  1. spontaneous
  2. To voice
  3. To pain
  4. none
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9
Q

Levels of verbal response

A
  1. normal convo
  2. disoriented convo
  3. words but no content
  4. no words, only sound
  5. none
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10
Q

what are the lvls of motor response

A
  1. normal
  2. localized to pain
  3. w/draw to pain
  4. decorticate posture
  5. decerebrate posture
  6. none
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11
Q

What is decorticate posture

A

UE flex

LE ext

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12
Q

What is decerebrate posture

A

UE ext

LE ext

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13
Q

which form of posture indicates a more serious injury

A

Decerebrate

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14
Q

Characteristics of primary damage

A

Usually focal

Occurs at time of injury

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15
Q

Kinds of primary damage

A

Cou-counter coup
Contusion
N. damage
Skull farctures

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16
Q

what is coup-counter coup

A

contusion and bruising on both sides of brain where it occured and opposite side

17
Q

What is a contusion

A

direct impact to the head where there’s bruising and bleeding

18
Q

Where are the most common places to see damage in a primary injury

A

Frontal and temporal lobes

19
Q

How to tell if its a primary damage

A

PET

MRI

20
Q

What kind of n damage occurs in Primary damage

A

diffuse axonal injury or traumatic axonal injury
unmoving brain lags behind skull, causes shearing and tearing of n tissue and releases chemials causing more damage
E.g. shaken baby, whiplash

21
Q

When does secondary damage occur

A

in response to primary damage

22
Q

What increases in secondary damage

A

Intercranial pressure

23
Q

Kinds of secondary damage

A

Hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Epilepsy

24
Q

what is a hematoma

A

abnormal collection of blood outside the blood vessel

25
Q

What is a subarachnoid hemmorhage

A

bleeding b/t brain and thin layers of tissue covering the brain

26
Q

Who is subarachnoid hemorrhage common in

A

older adults after falls

27
Q

Med management of TBI

A

Ventriculostomy

cooling (hypothermia)

28
Q

what is a ventriculostomy

A

drains trapped fluid

regulates how much and how fast it drains

29
Q

Why is hypothermia used

A

Reduce ICP and further damage

30
Q

What does med management depend on

A

Severity
GCS
Posturing
Rancho los amigos

31
Q

Rancho levels

A 
I. no response
ii. Generalized response
iii. Localized response
IV. Confused-agitated
V. Confused- inappropriate
VI. confused-appropriate
VII. Automatic- appropriate
VIII. purposeful- appropriate (w/ SBA)
IX. Purposeful- apporpriate (w/ occasional SBA)
X. purposeful- appropriate (w/ mod I)
32
Q

What does the rancho scale do

A

puts a rating to observable behavior and cog lvl

33
Q

OTs role in acute rehab

A 
Posturing 
Tone
Reflexes
ROM
Sensory loss
Ataxia
Dysphagia
Edu
Coma Stim
cognition
34
Q

What is coma stim

A

developed to increase arousal by providing env stimuli

35
Q

OT role in rehab OP

A 
EDU
cog
Vision/perception
ADL
psychological
Home mng/safety
community reentry/IADL
Vocational 
ROM
36
Q

What is the leading cause of TBI

A

Falls

542 (12 decks)

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