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542 > Optimizing motor planning > Flashcards

Optimizing motor planning Flashcards

1
Q

What is a newer 3rd category of UMN dysfunction

A

Adaptive features: can include synergies and maladaptive strategies

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2
Q

How do adaptive features develop

A

in response to an individuals attempts to move w/in the constraints of their impairment

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3
Q

What are the 2 kinds of primary impairments

A

Negative

positive

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4
Q

What are negative impairments

A 
hemiplegia/hemiparesis
sensory loss
fatigue
decreased mvmt and speed 
decreased motor praxis
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5
Q

what are positive impairments

A 
if you display these you have the disorder
spasticity
aaxia
intention tremor
resting tremor
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6
Q

What are the 2 primary ways of motor learning

A

Implicit

Explicit

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7
Q

What is explicit learning

A

conscious encoding of specific facts, tasks, rules, and events

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8
Q

How to facilitate explicit motor learning

A

provide task-relevant feedback and cues that are more generalizable

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9
Q

What is implicit motor learning

A

unconscious change in behavior resulting from repetition w/in a stable context

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10
Q

How to facilitate implicit moor learning

A

structuring the environment to create consistent cues and frequent opportunities for practice

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11
Q

What is the dynamical systems theory based in

A

mathematics

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12
Q

what are basic concepts of the dynamical systems theory

A

they are self-organizing
systems exist to solve problems that are internal or external challenges
have the capacity to self-organize to meet the challenge
seek the most efficient solutions to self organize

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13
Q

What are the most efficient solutions in dynamic systems

A

those w/ the least amount of degrees of freedom (# of components that are free to vary)

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14
Q

What are OTs interested in in dynamical systems

A

the disequilibrium that occurs when a dynamic system is disrupted

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15
Q

how is the dynamical systems organized

A

Heterarchical not hierarchical
not a specific order and spinal levels strucutres aren’t responsible for direct mvmt commands
not bottom up or top down

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16
Q

What is the ecological systems theory

A

human dev. is influenced by different types of environmental systems

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17
Q

What does the ecological systems theory help us understand

A

Why we behave differently when we compare our behavior in the presence of family and at wok/school.

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18
Q

Why was the motor program theory developed

A

to limit the degrees of freedom during motor performance

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19
Q

What are the 2 distinct concepts of the motor program theory

A
  1. a motor program is a memory based schema that controls coordinated movt.
  2. Attractor is a preferred pattern w/in a motor control system that leads to a consistent pattern of performance (practice makes perfect)
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20
Q

What is the goal of the motor program theory

A

to create a stable yet flexible attractor state

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21
Q

What are generalized motor programs

A

prestructured sets of central commands that govern a particular class of actions (muscle memory)

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22
Q

What is EXCITE

A

extremity constraint induced therapy evaluation

largest systematic outcomes study in history of stroke rehab

23
Q

what was the goal in developing a modified cimt protocol

A

to decrease cost and increase accessibility while maintaining the outcomes of cimt

24
Q

How does CIMT work with the dynamic systems theory

A

ots can provide external challenge through structuring constraints during task related performance

25
Q

What is bilateral arm training

A

technique in which pts perform repetitive identical movts w/ both arms simultaneously

26
Q

What do the most relevant improvements in motor skills result from

A

implicit learning

27
Q

For improvements to occur pts must what

A

be actively engaged and attempting to move for a functional purpose

28
Q

What did robots in therapy indicate

A

support for motor learning

29
Q

What is more effective than exercise to individual muscles

A

Tx that continuously challenges and assists the pt. to perform task-driven movts

30
Q

Treatment approaches for stroke

A

CIMT
mCIMT
Bilateral arm training
Robotics and virtual reality Mirror therapy

31
Q

What is mirror therapy used for

A

to improve motor function

32
Q

What are the 4 main factors of optimal motor performance

A
  1. 5 mechanical requirements for movt execution
  2. Kinesthetic understanding of foundational movt strategies
  3. postural adjustments
  4. task demands and capabilities
33
Q

What are the 5 mechanical requirements for movt execution

A 
joint mobility
dissociation
optimal postural alignment
freedom from other secondary impairments
capacity to generate muscle contraction
34
Q

What is joint mobility

A

capacity of limbs to be moved passively around a joint

35
Q

What is jt mobility necessary for

A

active movt and functional performance

36
Q

What is dissociation

A

underlying potential for adjacent body segments to move independently from another

37
Q

what does optimal posture alignment do

A

allows a person to efficiently maintain balance against the force of gravity, to freely dissociate adjacent body segmnts and move arms and legs o a s table foundation at the body core

38
Q

What is the importance of the pelvis

A

serves as a corner stone to allingment of the trunk and limbs

39
Q

what does anterior tilt do

A

accentuate lordosis
abdominal shortening of extensors
weakness of abs

40
Q

What will posterior tilt do

A

decrease normal lordotic curve of lumbar spine resulting in kyphotic posture

41
Q

What do stroke pts exhibit in sitting

A

excessive posterior pelvic tilt

excessive lateral pelvic tilt

42
Q

What do strke pts exhibit in stading

A

greater weight bearing to unaffeted side

43
Q

What are the two categories of UMN dysfunctions

A

Primary: impairments related directly to the lesion
Secondary: preventable deficits that develop over time in response to immobility, inactivity, or asymmetries in postural alignment (decreased JROM, pain, edema)

44
Q

What to do with freedom from other secondar impairments

A

address edema, pain, and complex pain syndromes

45
Q

What is viewed as the ultimate goal in neuro rehab

A

capacity to generate muscle contraction q

46
Q

What is the criteria for dev. stronger motor memories

A

learner has opportunity to practice
practice occurs in a natural setting
variable rather than repetitive and blocked practice
learner develops an intrinsic feedback sstem

47
Q

Individuals with impairments in postural adjustments will have what

A

fear of falling when changing positions

48
Q

What are individuals with impairments in postural adjustments liekly to develop

A

adaptive strategies that become maladaptive long term

49
Q

What is the goal of task based interventions

A

generalization
pt. will develop an underlying strategy for performing an infinite variety of tasks that require motor skills (take thigns they learned and use in a different setting)

50
Q

What should the therapist do as the coach

A

structure practice sessions
provide instructions
develop pts. ability to actively analyze performance
focus attention

51
Q

What are 4 factors to consider prior to interventions

A

pelvic/trunk alignment/mobility
spasticity
scapular and glenohumeral alignment
scapular mobility

52
Q

What are some interventions to promote movt in the arm and hand

A 
FES
Mental practice
mirror therapy
priming 
kinesotaping
53
Q

Muscles that are spastic are what

A

hyperresponsive to quick stretch (stretch fast, increases spasticity)

54
Q

How to have functional use of the arm and hand

A

prevent learned non-use (use my arm program, breakfast group)
Dev. effective motor programs or reach and grasp
match task demands to the persons capability

542 (12 decks)

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