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542 > Cognition > Flashcards

Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

What is orientation

A

awareness of self in relation to person, place, tine, and circumstance

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2
Q

what is neuropsych eval

A

long battery of standardized tests for purposes of dx, care, and planning rehab eval and research

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3
Q

What is executive functioning

A

metaprocesses that enable a person to initiate, plan, self-monitor, and correct their approach to goal-directed tasks

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4
Q

Where do disorders arise from affecting executive functioning

A

frontal lobe

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5
Q

what kind of problems do you see in frontal lobe damage related to executive functioning

A

self-control
self-direction
organization

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6
Q

What is memory

A

result of interactive cog systems that receive, code, store, and retrieve info

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7
Q

what is attention

A

ability to use limited mental resources for concentration

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8
Q

What are the primary cognitive operations

A

orientation
attention
memory

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9
Q

What can you be oriented to

A

Person
Place
Time
Situation

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10
Q

What are the most common things to be disoriented to

A

time

place

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11
Q

What is orientation to person

A

ability to id ones name

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12
Q

what is the last element of orientation to be lost

A

person

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13
Q

What is orientation to place

A

ability to name where they are, cite/state they are in

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14
Q

What is orientation to time

A

date, day of wk, yr, season

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15
Q

What is orientation to situation

A

ability to describe their global circumstances

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16
Q

What are the 5 types of attention

A 
Focused
Sustained
selective
alternating
divided
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17
Q

What is focused attention

A

basic response to a stimuli (turn head when you hear a horn)

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18
Q

What is sustained attention

A

vigilance
maintaining attention over time to 1 task
can tune out background stimuli and focus on 1 task

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19
Q

What is selective attention

A

freedom from distractibility

ability to focus on 1 task while ignoring the other

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20
Q

What is alternating attention

A

mental flexibility

shifting b/t multiple operations

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21
Q

What is divided attention

A

ability to respond to 2+ tasks simultaneously

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22
Q

What are the two kinds of memory

A

short term

long term

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23
Q

What is memory

A

ability to store and retrieve info

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24
Q

Where is memory located

A

in the cortex

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25
Q

What is STM

A

holds a limited amt of info in an accessible state temporarily

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26
Q

What is working memory

A

managing incoming info and manipulating stred info for planning and problem solving

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27
Q

What is an example of working memory

A

mental arithmetic

28
Q

What is LTM

A

lasts min to lifetime

29
Q

What is storage based on in LTM

A

relatively permanent changes in brain cell structure (no single storage site)

30
Q

What is explicit (declarative) memory

A

pertains to factual info

31
Q

What does explicit memory include

A

Episodic memory

Semantic memory

32
Q

What is episodic memory

A

knowledge of personal info and events

33
Q

What is semantic memory

A

knowledge of facts about the world (horses are big)

34
Q

What is implicit (non-declarative) memory

A

does not involve conscious awareness of learning

35
Q

What does implicit memory contain

A

procedural memory

36
Q

What is procedural memory

A

knowledge of hot to do things
(unconscious change in behavior that results from previous experience and is less flexible when applied to novel concepts)

37
Q

What is memory impairment

A

amnesia

38
Q

Kinds of amnesia

A

retrograde
anterograde
post-traumatic

39
Q

What is retrograde amnesia

A

loss of ability to recall events from prior to the injury

40
Q

what is anterograde amnesia

A

decreased memory of events occurring after trauma

41
Q

What is post traumatic amnesia

A

period following trauma during which the pt is confused and disoriented and seems to lack the ability to store and retrieve new info

42
Q

What are the stages of memory

A

attention
encoding
storage
retreival

43
Q

What are executive functions

A

higher order thinking processes, goal attainment iger order functions

44
Q

When does executive functioning develop

A

in late teens/early 20’s

45
Q

What are executive functions located in the brain

A

prefrontal cortex

46
Q

What is self-awareness

A

ability to self-eval

some consider to be the highest of all integrated activities of the brain

47
Q

What are the 2 dimensions of self-awareness

A
  1. appreciation of personal attributes. things you understand about yourself
  2. initiation of compensatory strategies in response to known personal attributes. how you deal w/ situation. (use humor in uncomfy sit)
48
Q

What is self-awareness fundamental to

A

metacognition

49
Q

What is metacognition

A

thinking about thinking

higer order process

50
Q

What are some executive functions

A 
initiation
planning and organization
problem solving
decision making
categorization
mental flexibility 
abstraction
51
Q

What is initiation

A

difficulty starting a task

52
Q

What mights defecits in initiation look like

A

lack of spontaneity, slow to respond, lack of motivation

53
Q

What is planning

A

attainment of a goal through a series of intermediate steps that do not necessarily lead to the goal
includes the ability to organize steps to complete an action and skills to carry out the plan

54
Q

What do deficits in planning and organization look like

A

perseverating in their actions

follow familiar routines even when they are not working and not generalizing a new plan

55
Q

What is problem solving

A

integration of several cog skills (attention, ability to devise and initiate a plan, sensory and memory access and feedback that gives info on the effectiveness of the solution and need for revision

56
Q

What does effective problem solving include

A

the need for some understanding of the problem

57
Q

What might deficits include in problem solving

A

concrete thinking, impulsivity, confusion, difficulty sequencing info, trouble learning from mistakes

58
Q

What is decision making

A

a form of problem solving for which the problem is to choose from several options to make a decision

59
Q

What might defecits in decision making include

A

having a hard time id various options when determining which options are best
difficulty learning from mistakes and continual engagement in decisions that lead to negative consequences

60
Q

What is categorization

A

allows individuals to process large amts of info

61
Q

What may defecits in categorization look lik

A

ot being able to describe objects

might categorize using physical features but not symbolic features

62
Q

What is mental flexibility

A

abilty to carry out a given plan

utilizing feedback from the env or ability to focus on a different stimuli and focus mentally

63
Q

What might defecits in mental flexibility look like

A

continue to hold onto cues or a particular stimulus that is irrelevant

64
Q

What is abstraction

A

ability to conceptullize and make inferences from info

65
Q

What might defecits include in abstraction

A

limited imagination
inability to plan ahead
view info as concrete and rigid
unable to perceive similarities or differnces

66
Q

What is cognition

A

general term that reflects the mental enterprises related to absorbing info, thinking and goal directed action

542 (12 decks)

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