TB - Ch 3

Question 1

social redefinition

Answer 1

The process through which an individual’s position or status is redefined by society.

Question 2

age of majority

Answer 2

The designated age at which an individual is recognized as an adult. legal age

Question 3

adolescence as beginning in _ and ending in __

Answer 3

biology, culture

Question 4

___ best markers to see if adolences has gotten longer

Answer 4

mensuration and marrage
2010 2x as long as 1950

Question 5

inventionists

Answer 5

Theorists who argue that the period of adolescence is mainly a social invention.

stated adolencence did not exist untill the industral revolution

Question 6

child protectionists

Answer 6

Individuals who argued, early in the twentieth century, that adolescents needed to be kept out of the labor force in order to protect them from the hazards of the workplace. (inc. in schooling, adult supervized youth clubs, age disrimination)

Question 7

teenager

Answer 7

A term popularized about 50 years ago to refer to young people; it connoted a more frivolous and lighthearted image than did adolescent.

seen as increased affluence and economic freedom, showed they reperesent important consumer group

Question 8

youth

Answer 8

Today, a term used to refer to individuals ages 18 to 22; it once referred to individuals ages 12 to 24.

Question 9

5 main fetures of emerging adulthood

Answer 9

• the exploration of possible identities before making enduring choices;
• instability in work, romantic relationships, and living arrangements;
• a focus on oneself and, in particular, on functioning as an independent person;
• the feeling of being between adolescence and adulthood; and
• the sense that life holds many possibilities.

Question 10

Emering adulthood univerality

Answer 10

no many peole cant afford to delay tranition, some also do by choice not economics

Question 11

Psychological Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood

Answer 11

majority of emergin addults is poitive and imporving mental health (yet 1/5 peole this age suffer from mental health)

psychological functioning in childhood and adolescence is highly predictive of success later in life
success in one stage (doing well in high school) usually leads to success in the next stage

Question 12

initiation ceremony

Answer 12

The formal induction of a young person into adulthood.

Question 13

status offense

Answer 13

A violation of the law that pertains to minors but not adults.

Question 14

juvenile justice system

Answer 14

A separate system of courts and related institutions developed to handle juvenile crime and delinquency.

Question 15

criminal justice system

Answer 15

The system of courts and related institutions developed to handle adult crime.

Question 16

experiences in __ but not in ___ linked to changes in well being

Answer 16

experiences in the domains of work, romance, and citizenship—but not in the domains of school or finances—were especially linked to changes in well-being

Question 17

issues in drawing legal line for adulthood

Answer 17

problem is compounded by the fact that we draw the boundary at different places for different purposes

so rapid and so variable between individuals that it is difficult to know at what chronological age a line should be drawn between legally

adolences may be incompetent to stand trial (in similar way that mental ill adults are considered)

Question 18

cohort

Answer 18

a group of individuals born during the same general historical era

Question 19

The Process of Social Redefinition

Answer 19

series of events occur over long time

Question 20

Common Practices in the Process of Social Redefinition

Answer 20

Real or Symbolic Separation from Parents
Emphasizing Differences Between the Sexes
Passing on Information from the Older Generation

Question 21

info that is passed on from older generations

Answer 21

1 maters important to asults but limited ulity to children
2 maters nessary to adults but unfit for children
3 maters concerning the history or rituals of family or community

Question 22

scarification

Answer 22

The intentional creation of scars on some part or parts of the body, often done as part of an initiation ceremony.

Question 23

demetions in with societs differ in the prosses of social redefinition are

Answer 23

the explicitness (clarity) and smoothness (continuity) of the transition

Question 24

the passage into adulthood has greater clarity when

Answer 24

When transitions into adult work, family, and citizenship roles occur close in time and when most members of a cohort experience these transitions at about the same age

Question 25

young people living within the same society can have widely varying views of their own social status and beliefs about age-appropriate behavior because

Answer 25

Because contemporary society does not send clear or consistent messages to young people about when adolescence ends and adulthood begins,

Question 26

trends of definfing adulthood in contmpary society

Answer 26

1 place less emphasis on attaning roals and more on devolopment of charatar trates of self - relance
2 declinging importance of family role and point of adulthood
3 declinging male vs femail differences

Question 27

in 1960, three key elements of the transition to adulthood

Answer 27

getting married, moving out of the parents’ home, and completing one’s education—all occurred relatively early compared to today, and all took place within a fairly constricted time frame.

Question 28

baby boom

Answer 28

The period following World War II, during which the number of infants born was extremely large.

Question 29

continuous transitions

Answer 29

Passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into gradually.

Question 30

discontinuous transitions

Answer 30

Passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into abruptly.

Question 31

three of the most important roles of adulthood that individuals are expected to carry out successfully are ____ and are ____ transitions

Answer 31

worker, parent, and citizen.

discontinuous transitions

Question 32

__top of list of factors that impair ability to move from adolesents to adulthood

Answer 32

poverty

Question 33

growing up poor affects brain regons responsable for

Answer 33

higher order cognative abilites and self control

Question 34

increase in brain function when __ increses

Answer 34

income

Question 35

subjective social status

Answer 35

Where one believes he or she ranks socioeconomically (regardless of his or her actual socioeconomic class).

perceving onself as poorer is dteremental

Question 36

poverty has become more

Answer 36

concentrated

Question 37

relocating poor to more aflunt neborhods sometimes has neg effects because

Answer 37

1 encounter more discrimination
2 acess to less resources
3 may feel more dissadvantaged (subjective social status)

Question 38

collective efficacy

Answer 38

A community’s social capital, derived from its members’ common values and goals.

Question 39

neghboorhood influences

Answer 39

1 Collective Efficacy
2 The Impact of Stress
3 Limited Access to Resources

Question 40

chronic stress to maladaptive socalization

Answer 40

Question 41

neghboorhood disorder to crime (etc.)

Answer 41

Question 42

Neighborhood conditions influence adolescents’ development by shaping _____ impacting adolesent devolopment.

Answer 42