Class 9,10 - Psychoscoal Problems Flashcards
Teen ___% rise in mortality rates compared to childhood
200
Adolescents more likely than adults > 25 to:
Binge drink
Smoke cigarettes
Have casual sexual partners
Engage in violent or other criminal behavior
Have fatal or serious automobile crashes
(Heightened risk-taking behaviors (e.g., reckless driving, binge drinking))
By the time they are seniors teens __
But after pot __
75% have tried alcohol
45% have smoked cigarette
43% have tried marijuana
32% have smoked marijuana at least once in past year
19% in the last 30 days
But after marijuana use of other drugs drops off considerably—
only 9% used illicit drugs other than pot in last 30 days
Excessive drinking responsible for more than __ deaths among underage youth
4300
Underage drinkers consume
8th vs 12th grade drinking
Underage drinkers consume more per occasion than adults
10% of 8th graders and 17% of 12th graders had a drink in past 30 days –2015 Monitoring the Future
Youth who start drinking before age 15 are ___ more likely to __
Youth who start drinking before age 15 are six times more likely to develop alcohol dependency or abuse later in life
(vs. those who begin binge drinking at or after 21)
teen risks in lab vs real world
Teens take more risks in the “real world” (it seems) than in experimental studies
in world - More opportunities to be exposed to risky situations
Motivational changes in transition to adolescence for risk taking
Increased sensation seeking
Influence of peer group
Greater romantic interests
Four general principles
Most problems reflect transitory experimentation
Not all problems begin in adolescence
Most problems do not persist into adulthood
Problems during adolescence are not caused by adolescence
Most problems reflect ___
transitory experimentation
rates of occasional experimentation far exceeds rates of enduring problems
Vast majority of teenagers do something against the law, very few go on to have criminal careers
Teens who experiment occasionally with risky behavior report a quality of life similar to abstainers
Most teens who have enduring problems with the law had problems ___
Most teens who have enduring problems with the law had problems at home and school at an early age
Many teens who develop depression during adolescence suffered __
other types of psychological distress, e.g., excessive anxiety, as children
just because problem desplayed durring adolsences does not mean it is a problem of adolesences
Substance abuse, delinquency and disordered eating tend ___
not to persist into early adulthood
Most teens who abused substances, committed delinquent acts or were bulimic as teens grow up to be ___
sober, law-abiding adults without eating disorders
At age 15, early maturing girls are more likely to ___
But these relationships explained by __
Caught for cheating
To have been truant
Try marijuana
6 xs more likely to have reported multiple instances of drunkenness
But these relationships explained by peer affiliation (Early-maturing girls report having older friends who engage in more risk behavior)
But these problems did not persist into early adulthood
They just went through a period during which they differed biologically from their same-age peers
Problem behavior is virtually never a direct consequence of ___
normative changes
e.g., “raging” hormones causing deviant behavior
e.g., rebelling against authority
e.g., unusual behavior the result of “identity crisis”
When teen exhibits a problem, e.g., depression, the worst possible interpretation is___
that it is a normal part of growing up
termoil theory
Adolescence is a normal period of symptom formation
would be psyophatological if desplayed by adults
Freudian” View
is a misconceptions
Generalization Gap
got termil theory from teens in clinical practice
if drawing infrenced from clinical sample - cannot generalize to all adolsences
when do represnative surveys - most teenares are not in termoil
Two Errors in termioul throry
Adolescence is a normal period of turmoil and psychological instability - we worry about adolsences (worry that there will be termoul)
Psychological symptoms that are observed are judged to be normal and expected - but we dont worry enough (when see termil dont worry enough)
Is adolescent personality discontinuous with childhood personality development?
No
Many infant & early childhood characteristics persist into adolescence (Resilience, self-confidence, passivity, dependency, social & intellectual competence)
Consistency in attitudes, aspirations and self-concept from early adolescence to adulthood
Characteristics persist into adolescence
Resilience, self-confidence, passivity, dependency, social & intellectual competence
Are adolescents emotionally unstable?
Few adolescents describe their lives in terms of turmoil, conflict, instability
Turmoil is the exception
Adolescent personality development is a relatively smooth process which unfolds gradually and without tumult and without incident.
what is in the incidence of mental health problems in adolescence?
20% (no issues at all)–60% (occaonal upset - not serous enough to be brough to metnal health profesonal)–20% (have serious issues)
Adolescents are no more likely to become psychologically disturbed than are adults
Adolescents are just as disposed to mental health as are adults
Is identity formation a crisis?
Identity exploration unfolds without disabling crisis
Clinically significant identity crisis is the exception
Identity formation takes place in the context of rising self-esteem and stable self-concepts
Are family relations in crisis?
Most adolescents do not reject parental values
Family relations are generally harmonious
Very few teens in “rebellion”
most teens
Respect parents
Want to be like them
Consider them reliable, sympathetic,
Express satisfaction with family life
Do not perceive major problems
But how to distinguish normal vs troubled teens?
Quanity - The more symptoms displayed
Persasaviness - The symptoms involve cognitive & behavioral problems at home, school, other contexts
Duration - The longer they last
