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Resp. Final > TB > Flashcards

TB Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean that myobacteria are acid fast?

A

They hold fast to the rain stain and resist the acid alcohol from decoloring them

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2
Q

3 features to remember about myobacteria Tb?

A

Aerobic, acid fast, non motile

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3
Q

What is the hallmark histo of TB?

A

Caseous necrosis

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4
Q

What does a positive PPD skin test mean?

A

Exposed or infected at some point in time

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5
Q

So basically, what 3 types of people can have a positive test?

A

Active, latent, or cured

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6
Q

What is the reason for a false positive and a false negative?

A

someone who has had the BCG vaccine

Someone who is anergic

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7
Q

Essentially, what is going on with primary and secondary/reactivation TB>

A

Primary is usually an asymptomatic lung infection. Immune system walls off the bacteria and they lay dormant and can infect against, hence secondary .

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8
Q

Essentially, what is causing the dormant stage of the pathogens?

A

The body walls off the TB in the caseous granulomas then they heal with fibrosis and calcification. Some TB are still viable in there.

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9
Q

Explain a Ghon Foci and a Ghon complex?

A

The calcified granulomas is a Ghon foci. When there is a Ghon foci along with a calcified perihilar lymph node, then we have the Ghon complex.

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10
Q

When there is a symptom with primary TB, what are the most common symptoms and where is the lung do we usually have TB primarily?

A

Middle and lower lobes.

Low grade fever and cough

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11
Q

When do we see symptomatic primary TB, what 3 patient types?

A

Kids, elderly and immunocompromised

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12
Q

What do we see on CXR for symptomatic TB?

A

Hilar LAD and middle and lower lobe infiltrates

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13
Q

What can the TB develop that we can also see on CXR?

A

Pleural effusions

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14
Q

What happens when the primary infection is not contained?

A

Then it becomes primary progressive TB

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15
Q

What are the three types of primary progressive?

A

Caseous, bronchopneumonia, and miliary TB.

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16
Q

Where is the most common site of reactivation TB and how does it present?

A

Lungs.

Apical areas of the lungs causing cavitation.

17
Q

What two cells are causing the cavitations and why?

A

T cells and macrophages are trying to wall off the bacteria, so they are basically killing the lung tissue.

18
Q

4 symptoms of secondary TB?

A

Fever, night sweats, weight loss, and productive cough.

19
Q

Basically, what is going on when the PPD is injected?

A

There will be a reaction if there was a previous exposure

20
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is PPD?

A

Type 4, which is delayed type

21
Q

What is the other confirmatory stain for TB along with zeel neelsen?

A

Kinyon

22
Q

What do we call TB strains that are resistant to INH and Rifampin or have a positive NAAT R test?

A

Multi drug resistant

23
Q

What is our first step in management of a patient with TB along with the 4 first line drugs?

A

Isolation room under negative pressure

24
Q

What is another name for b6?

A

Pyridoxine

25
Q

If you drained a pleural effusion due to TB, what would you find in the fluid? What is a second thing that may be there as well?

A

Adenosine deaminase.

IFN gamma

26
Q

What is Potts disease?

A

When TB infection attacks thoracic and lumbar spine and destroys the intervertebral discs and adjacent vertebral bodies.

27
Q

What does TB do to the CNS?

A

Can cause meningitis and granulomas in the brain.

28
Q

What exactly is going on with miliary TB?

A

Tiny little granulomas are basically shot gun blasted all over the body and can infect organs all over.

29
Q

What are the top three organs being shot gun blasted?

A

Lungs,liver and kidneys

30
Q

What med will we give in addition for very drug resistant TB strains?

A

Streptomycin

31
Q

5 extra pulmonary manifestations of TB? which one is most common worldwide and what is the particular name for it?

A

Meningitis, spondylitis, GI TB, lymph node infection, and pleural effusions.
Lymph node infection is most common. Cervical LN. Scrofula.

32
Q

3 big differences between myo TB and myo kanas?

A

Myo KANSAS is not person to person transmission
Lasts much longer
Use only iso, rifampin and ethambutol for 18 months

33
Q

What is the typical patient with myo KANSAS?

A

Old smoker man

34
Q

Big difference between myo TB and myo lepresy?

A

Leprosy is weak T cell response

35
Q

What do I need to remember about Myo marinum?

A

Granulomatous lesion of skin and tendon sheaths after exposure to fish tanks and aquarium water

Resp. Final (18 decks)

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