PEDS - RDS

Question 1

What are the three components of cardiopulmonary arrest in children?

Answer 1

Respiratory, cardiac, and circulatory

Question 2

Most pediatric cardiac arrest events are do to what?

Answer 2

Respiratory problems

Question 3

What is the pediatric assessment triangle?

Answer 3

Appearance, Breathing and Circulatory Status

Question 4

What is the ABCDEs of assessment of PED patients for respiratory?

Answer 4

Airway, breathing, circulation, disability (unresponsiveness of CNS), and Exposure

Question 5

Somnolence or lethargy in a kid suggests what?

Answer 5

Severe hypoxia and hypercarbia

Question 6

What is going on when the kid is grunting when they are struggling to breath? What are they trying to do?

Answer 6

Open up the airways

Question 7

What is the initial response to respiratory compromise and what is the second response?

Answer 7

Initial response is tachypnea.

As it progresses, RR becomes slower and irregular

Question 8

What kind of shift does a tension pneumothorax cause?

Answer 8

Causes a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side and compresses the heart and good lung

Question 9

What three things are hallmark to tension pneumothorax?

Answer 9

Ipsilateral chest hyper expansion
Decreased or absent breath sounds on side of collapsed lung
Hyper resonance over collapsed lung

Question 10

What is Beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade?

Answer 10

Muffled heart sounds, JVD distention and hypotension

Question 11

Little kid presents with sore throat, difficulty swallowing and hoarse voice, what is most likely the diagnosis?

Answer 11

Retropharyngeal and peritonsilar abscess

Question 12

When we hear stridor in a kid, what are we thinking?

Answer 12

Coup

Question 13

Croup is the most common cause of what?

Answer 13

Infectious airway obstruction in kids 6-36 months

Question 14

What is the most common cause of croup?

Answer 14

Parainfluenza virus

Question 15

What is the x ray hallmark of croup?

Answer 15

Steeple

Question 16

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

Answer 16

H influenza type b

Question 17

Most common cause of bronchiolitis in kids?

Answer 17

RSV

Question 18

What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis in kids, 2 things?

Answer 18

Foods and meds

Question 19

What is the medicine of choice for anaphylaxis?

Answer 19

Epi

Question 20

Explain FB ball/valve on image?

Answer 20

They have a foreign body in the right main stem bronchi. When they breathe in on x ray it expands just fine, but then they expire, the air is trapped so that side is over expanded. So think about this on a history of kid swallowing something.

Question 21

3 clinical symptoms if upper airway is obstructed by a foreign body?

Answer 21

Stridor, drooling, and choking

Question 22

What age group is most common for foreign body obstruction?

Answer 22

1-3

Question 23

What object did he specifically talk about being a danger as a foreign body and why?

Answer 23

Button batteries because they can corrode very quickly.

Question 24

What congenital or acquired diseases did he talk about leading to respiratory distress?

Answer 24

CNS or neuromuscular problems can lead to respiratory distress because of chronic hypoventilation

Question 25

There is a clinical triad in kids with sickle cell disease that causes a specific syndrome. What is the triad and disease?

Answer 25

Sudden onset respiratory distress, new infiltrate on CXR and fever equals acute chest syndrome