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Taxonomy Sheet Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum Porifera (SPONGES)

A
  • No true tissues
  • Different Cell types
    1. pinacocytes (pinacoderm - incipient tissue)
    2. archaeocytes - in mesohyl
    3. choanocytes
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2
Q

Pinacocytes

A

Phylum Porifera (SPONGES)
The outer layer of sponges formed of flattened cells and form the layer called the pinacoderm.
Do not have a basal lamina.

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3
Q

Archeocytes

A 
Phylum Porifera (SPONGES)
Cells that wander through the mesohyl by cytoplasmic streaming.
Help sponges develop into more specialized cells.
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4
Q

Choanocytes

A 
Phylum Porifera (SPONGES)
Flagellated cell with a collar of protoplasm that line the internal chambers of sponges
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5
Q

Phylum Cnidaria (CORALS, HYDRAS, JELLYFISH)

A
  • Class Hydrozoa
  • Class Anthozoa
  • Class Cubozoa
  • Class Scyphozoa
  • Class Staurozoa
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6
Q

Class Hydrozoa

A

Phylum Cnidaria.
Solitary or colonial.
E.g. hydra, Obelia, Portuguese man o’ war.
Generalized by greater representation of polyp morph in life cycle.
Lack nematocysts and no cells in mesoglea.

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7
Q

Class Anthozoa

A

Phylum Cnidaria
Contains corals and anemones
Colonial (colony)

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8
Q

Order Actinia

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa

True sea-anemones

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9
Q

Order Scleractinia

A

Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa

Hard stony corals

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10
Q

Class Cubozoan

A

Phylum Cnidaria

Box jellies

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11
Q

Class Scyphozoan

A 
Phylum Cnidaria
True jellies
G:
1. Cnidocytes (with nematocyst)
2. Radial symmetry 
3. Tissue-level development - diploblastic
     a) body two cell layers thick
     b) epidermis - mesoglea - gastrodermis
4. gastrovascular cavity
5. two body forms: polyp / medusa

Epidermis -> outer layer of skin on the body. Protection and keeps the skin hydrated.

Mesoglea -> gelatinous substance between the endoderm and ectoderm of sponges or cnidarians

Gastrodermis -> the lining membrane of the tract of an invertebrate.

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12
Q

Class Staurozoan

A

Phylum Cnidaria

Solitary stalked polyps

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13
Q

Nematocyst

A

Specialized cells in tentacles of jellyfish that have a venomous thread that extends outwards in self-defense or to capture prey.

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14
Q

Cnidocyte

A

Specialized cells in the phylum Cnidaria that have an explosive organelle called cnidocyst that helps capture prey and self defense.

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15
Q

Phylum Ctenophora

A 
Comb jellies
G:
1. Move with cilia - comb plates
2. Bi-radial symmetry
3. Diploblastic
4. Collenchyma
5. Monoecious - sexual reproduction
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16
Q

Monoecious

A

Male and female reproductive parts on same animal. hermaphrodite.

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17
Q

Collenchyme

A

In plants, support tissue of living elongated cells with irregular cell walls.

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18
Q

Bilateria

A 
Phylum Xenacoelomorpha (Acoela)
Phylum Gnathostomulida
Phylum Rotifera
Phylum Acanthocephala (probably in Rotifera)
Phylum Gastrotricha
Phylum Mesozoa
Phylum Platyheliminthes
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19
Q

Phylum Xenacoelomorpha (Acoela)

A

G:

  1. Some with gastrovascular cavity (many with no gut)
  2. Monoecious - sexual reproduction
  3. Radially arranged nerve cords
  4. Most commensalist or mutualist
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20
Q

commensalist

A

an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm

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21
Q

mutualist

A

type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their interactions

22
Q

Phylum Gnathostomulida

A

Lophotrochozoa
Clade Gnathifera
1. Acoelomate
2. Jaw worms

23
Q

Acoelomate

A

an invertebrate lacking a coelom

24
Q

Phylum Rotifera

A

Lophotrocohozoa

  1. Clade Gnathifera
  2. Class Bdelloidea
  3. Class Seisonidea
  4. Class monogononta
25
Q

Class Bdelloidea

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
Phylum Rotifera
1. Freshwater / terrestrial
2. All female
26
Q

Class seisonidea

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
Phylum Rotifera
1. Marine
2. All female
3. Epizoic
27
Q

Class monogononta

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
Phylum Rotifera
1. Myctic rotifers
2. Undergo myxis in response to stress
G:
1. Wheel organ / corona
2. Mastax
3. Eutely
28
Q

Corona / Wheel organ

A

The corona is a ciliary organ provided with intrinsic musculature, which is used for prey capture and locomotion.

29
Q

mastax

A

the muscular pharynx of a rotifer, containing a chewing apparatus

30
Q

Eutely

A

the condition of having a body made up of a constant number of cells

31
Q

Phylum Acanthocephala (probably in rotifera)

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
G: 
1. Vertebrate endoparasites
2. Spiny proboscis
3. Syncytial outer surface
4. Dioecious
5. Protonephridia
32
Q

vertebrate endoparasites

A

Endoparasites are parasites that live in the tissues and organs of their hosts, such as tapeworms, flukes, and protozoans of vertebrates.

33
Q

spiny proboscis

A

The proboscis is used to pierce the gut wall of the final host, and hold the parasite fast while it completes its life cycle.

34
Q

syncytial outer surface

A

a multinucleate mass of cytoplasm resulting from fusion of cells

35
Q

dioecious

A

having the male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals.

36
Q

protonephridia

A

network of dead-end tubules lacking internal openings

37
Q

Phylum Gastrotricha

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
1. Spiny / hairy stomach
    a) sometimes called hair-bellied worms
2. Acoelomate
3. Protonephridia
4. Found in places similar to rotifers
     a) freshwater, marina, "terrestrial"
     b) interstitial spaces in sediments
38
Q

Phylum Mesozoa

A

Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
1. Rhombozoans (tiny parasites)
2. Orthonectids (parasites of marine invertebrates)

39
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
Class turbellaria (not monophyletic)
Class Trematode
CLADE NEODERMATA
Class monogenea
Class cestoda
40
Q

Class Turbellaria (not monophyletic)

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
Phylum Platyhelminthes
1. mostly free living
2. Planaria (one of the many flatworms)
3. Regeneration
41
Q

Class trematoda

A

Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
Phylum Platyhelminthes
1. Flukes
2. Diverse life cycles related to parasitism / hosts
a) egg - miracidium (larva) - sporocyst (adult) - redia (adult) - cercaria (larva) - metacercaria - fluke (adult)
b) intermediate host often a gastropod

42
Q

Class monogenea

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Clade Nerodermata
1. Monogenic flukes
2. Attachment organs: prothaptor - opisthaptor
3. Ectoparasites
4. Oncomiracidium larva
43
Q

Class Cestoda

A 
Lophotrochozoan
Clade Gnathifera
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Clade Neodermata
1. Tapeworms
2. Scolex - proglottids
3. Scolex  homologous to opisthaptor
4. No gut - microtriches
5. Monoecious
G:
1. Free-living or parasitic (many)
2. Acoelomate
3. Bilateral symmetry
4. Organ-level development
5. Syncytial tegument
6. Gastrovascular cavity (or none)
44
Q

Monogenetic flukes

A

Monogenetic flukes spend their entire life cycle as parasites on a single host

45
Q

Prohaptor

A

the complex anterior attachment organ of a typical monogenetic trematode

46
Q

opisthaptor

A

the posterior and usually complex adhesive organ of a monogenetic trematode

47
Q

Ectoparasites

A

organisms that live on the skin of a host

48
Q

Scolex

A

the anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment

49
Q

proglottids

A

each segment in the strobila of a tapeworm, containing a complete sexually mature reproductive system.

50
Q

microtriches

A

increase the surface area of the teguments for enhanced absorption of nutrients

BIOL 205 (7 decks)

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