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Biology Honors Semester 1 > Taxonomy and Classification Test > Flashcards

Taxonomy and Classification Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What led to domains

A

Too many kingdoms

  • Similarities found within kingdoms
  • wanted to show the eubacteria and archaea bacteria were separated out
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2
Q

What is taxonomy important for

A

To be able to classify speices

-Over time we have been able to go back and re-classify some species

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3
Q

Moph-

A

form,shape

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4
Q

-nomy

A

law,science

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5
Q

Taxo-

A

order, arrangement

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6
Q

bi-

A

two

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7
Q

Archae-

A

Ancient,old

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8
Q

Eu

A

good, true

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9
Q

Pro-

A

before

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10
Q

Karyo-

A

nucleus

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11
Q

Phylo-

A

Tribe

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12
Q

-Gen

A

to produce

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13
Q

nomen-

A

Name

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14
Q

Systematics

A

field of biology that focuses on classification
and grouping organisms based on their evolutionary
relationships

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15
Q

Taxonomy

A

Describing
 Naming
 Classifying
 Grouping organisms based on similarities/relationships

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16
Q

Aristotle

A

 First to classify organisms 2000 years ago
 Classified organisms as either plant or animal
- classified things based on whether or not they had blood
-classified into plant and animal

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17
Q

How do we know when the CLM was invented

A

in the late 1800, bc protistas were shown then and you need a microscope to be able to see protistas

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18
Q

How do we know when the EM was invented

A

1950 bc there are microscopic kingdoms in that row

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19
Q

Levels of classification

A

Created by Linneaus

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20
Q

Linneaus

A

Identifyed things based on and plant. named things and levels of classification. More detailed and more relationships.
shortended binomial nomenclature

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21
Q

What are methods used to classify organisms

A

Phylogeny and morphology

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22
Q

Phylogeny

A

relatedness among organisms based on
evolutionary history.
-dna

23
Q

Morphology

A

using appearance, form or structure to

determine relationships. Older than phylogeny. Used by linneaus and aristotles

24
Q

Taxonomic categories

A 
 Domain
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species
25
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A 
Scientific Name
 Genus + specific epithet
 Homo sapiens
 Quercus alba
 Q. alba
 Linnaeus, mid-18th century
 Facilitates international science
26
Q

Using dichotomous keys

A

A device that can be used to easily identify an unknown
organism.
 A dichotomous key consists of a series of two part
statements that describe characteristic of organisms.
 At each step of a dichotomous key the user is presented
with two choices.
 As the user makes a choice about a particular
characteristic of an organism they are led to a new branch
of the key.
 Eventually the user will be led to the name of the organism
they are trying to identify.

27
Q

Homo sapiens : Homo neanderthalis ::

a. Melanoplus darwinian : Ulna darwinian
b. Red Oak : White Oak
c. Acer rubrium : Acer sacharus
d. Anolis carolinenins: Turdus migratoria

A

. c. Acer rubrium : Acer sacharus

28
Q

Which of the following options lists taxonomic
categories in the correct order from least to most
inclusive?
A) genus, family, order, class, phylum
B) genus, family, class, order, phylum
C) family, genus, order, phylum, class
D) family, genus, class, order, phylum

A

A) genus, family, order, class, phylum

29
Q 
Which pair of organisms is most closely
related? How can you tell?
Canis lupus
Canis rufus
Lynx rufus
A

Canis lupus
Canis rufus\
Same genus, different species. You have to have the same genus to be the same species

30
Q

The Six Kingdoms

A 
Based on cell structure &
nutrition
Archaebacteria (kingdom)
Eubacteria- (kingdom)
Protista
Fungi 
Plantae
Animalia
31
Q

Eubacteria- (kingdom)

A

Prokaryotic, unicellular, auto and heterotrophic

32
Q

Archaebacteria (kingdom)

A

Prokaryotic, unicellular, auto and heterotrophic

33
Q

Protista

A

Eukaryotic, uni and multi cellular, auto and heterotropic

34
Q

Fungi

A

Eukaryotic, uni and multicellular, heterotrophic

35
Q

Plantae

A

Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic and rarely heterotrophic

36
Q

Animalia

A

Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic

37
Q

The three domains are based on what

A

Molecular differences

38
Q

Archaea/ archaebacteria domain

A 
 Have only one type of very simple RNA polymerase
(enzyme needed for making proteins)
 Extremophiles
Unicellular
 Prokaryotic
 Live in extreme
environments
 Most will be killed
by oxygen
 Some can
photosynthesize/
chemosynthesize,
some can not
Kindgom: Archaebacteria
39
Q

Bacteria/ Eubacteria domain

A 
Unicellular
 Prokaryotic Cells
 Cell walls made of
peptidoglycan
 Very diverse group
including free living
organisms and deadly
parasites
 Some can
photosynthesize, some
can not
Kingdom: eubacteria
40
Q

Eukarya domain

A

EukaryotesSome unicellular, but most are multicellular
 All have cells with a nucleus
 4 Sub-groups (Kingdoms)
 Protista: things that can not be classified as plant,
animal or fungi
 Fungi: Secrete digestive enzymes into their food
 Plant: Photosynthesizers (producers)
 Animals: Heterotrophs, high amount of diversity

41
Q

You discover a new organism that has multiple types of RNA polymerase, but does not have peptidoglycan in it’s cell wall

  • What domain does it belong to
  • Can you figure out what kingdom it belongs solely based on this information. Why?
A

The domain is eukarya because bacteria has peptidoglycan in the cell walls and archae has multiple types of RNA
- No, eukarya domain has multiple kingdoms

42
Q

Why was Linneaus and Aristotle’s system replaced

A

Phylogeny is more specific. New technology was created and they could test DNA and find hidden relationships/fix old relashionships to make them more accurate

43
Q

Classification

A

To arrange things in classes/categories base on shared qualities or characteristics. To assign something to a particular class

44
Q

Modern vs Linneaus taxonomic categories

A

Linneaus: Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus species
Modern: same except domain is in front of kingdom

45
Q

What groups contain less/more related organisms as you move up and down the hierarchy

A

Domains contain the most related organisms as the taxonomic system is in an upside down triangle shape. Domains are split into kingdoms and kingdoms into phylums and the characteristics of the organism classified gets more and more specific. Species and Genus has less related organisms with the most specific traits and as you go up the hierarchy, organisms have more and more related traits, but less specific traits

46
Q

Why can both phylogeny and morphology be used today

A

Things that look alike often have similar ancestors and we can use technology we have today to compare DNA and find similarities/relationships in DNA

47
Q

What is the primary criteria used to classify

A

Evolutionary relashionships, characteristics, DNA, structure and function

48
Q

Difference between 3 domain system and 6 kingdom system

A

3-Domain includes more organisms that have more, general, similarities within each domain and shows similarities within kingdoms than the 6-kingdom system.
The six-kingdom system has less, but more specific organisms relationships in each kingdom

49
Q

Why did taxonomists start using domains

A

More organisms were discovered and there were too many kingdoms and new similarities were found within kingdoms so domains were created to show these similarities

50
Q

Why are protists grouped together in the six-kingdom system

A

Protists are grouped together in the sux kingdom system because protists, by definition, don’t truly fit into any of the other kingdom therefore, they are grouped together as they have no other place to be put.

51
Q

Why do scientists use binomial nomenclature

A

To be more universal because Latin is the root for many modern languages. SO that people of many different languages can all know which organism is being discussed. Scientific name is used because different languages have different common names for the same organism, but the scientific name is the same for all languages

52
Q

If organisms are in the same class but different order…

A

They may have the same species identifier
They may be more similar than organisms in different classes
They may be in the same phylum

53
Q

The least inclusive class is…

A

Species

Biology Honors Semester 1 (9 decks)

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