Taxonomy Flashcards
1
Q
taxonomy
A
- the science of classification and the nomenclature used
- takes into account anatomical and structural characteristics, modes of excretion, movement, and digestion, genetic makeup, and biochemical characteristics
2
Q
Domains
A
Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi
3
Q
Six Kingdoms
A
Archaea, Eubacteria, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia
4
Q
Monera
A
- prokaryotes (ex: bacteria)
- lack a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelle and are single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually
5
Q
Eubacteria
A
- generally single-celled prokaryotes with a single double-stranded circular loop of DNA that is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane
- morphological appearances: cocci (round), bacilli (rods), and spirilla (spiral)
6
Q
Cyanobacteria
A
- live primarily in fresh water but also exist in marine environments
- cell wall and photosynthetic pigments but have no flagella, true nuclei, chloroplasts, or mitochondria
- can withstand extreme temperatures
7
Q
Archaea
A
- prokaryotes, and often have cell walls and flagella
- have cell membranes that compose of glycerolether lipids
8
Q
Protista
A
- contains primitive eukaryotic organisms with membrane-bound nuclei and organelles
- either single cells or colonies of similar cells with no differentiation of specialized tissues
9
Q
Protozoa
A
- single-celled organisms that are heterotrophic and in some ways are similar to litle animals
- rhizopods move with cellular extensions called pseudopods
- the ciliophors have cilia that are used for feeding and locomotion
10
Q
Algae
A
-primarily photosynthetic organisms
11
Q
Slime Molds
A
- arranged in coenocytic (many nuclei) mass of protoplasm
- reproduce asexually by sporulation
12
Q
Fungi
A
- nonphotosynthetic plants
- cell walls are composed of chitin and not cellulose
- eukaryotes and primarily multicellular
- heterotrophs
- may be saprophytic (decomposing dead organic material) or parasitic (extracting nutrients from their hosts)
- reproduce by asexual sporulation
13
Q
Plantae
A
- includes multicellular organisms that exhibit differentiation of tissues and are nonmotile photosynthetic
- known as autotrophs
- contain chloroplasts for the manufacture of carbohydrates
14
Q
Bryophytes
A
- simple plants with few specialized organs and tissues
- lack xylem that functions as support in tracheophytes and retain flagellated sperm cells that must swim to the eggs
- live in moist places
- undergo alternation of generations
- gametophyte is the dominant generation
- sporophytes is smaller and shorter-lived, growing off the gametophyte from the archegonium
15
Q
Tracheophytes
A
- vascular plants that are complex with a great degree of differentiation
- contain vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
- anchored by deep roots
- grow to great heights
