Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cellular Biology > Flashcards

Cellular Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

the net movement of dissolved particles down their concentration gradient through special channels - does not require energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Active Transport

A

the net movement of dissolved particles against their concentration gradients with the help of transport proteins - requires energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Symporter

A

moves two or more ions or molecules in the same direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antiporter

A

exchange one or more ions for another ion or molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pumps

A

energy-dependent carriers (require ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endocytosis

A

a process in which the cell membrane invaginates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pinocytosis

A

the ingestion of fluids or small particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phagocytosis

A

the engulfing of large particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exocytosis

A

a vesicle within the cell fuses with the cell membrane & releases a large volume of contents to the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

brownian movement

A

kinetic energy spreads small suspended particles throughout the cytoplasm of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cytosis or streaming

A

the circular motion of cytoplasm around the cell transports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

the ER forms a network of channels throughout the cytoplasm & provides a direct continuous passage from the plasma membrane to the nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diffusion

A

sufficient means of transport for food & oxygen from the environment to the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

circulatory system

A

includes vessels to transport fluid & a pump to drive the circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell Division

A

the process by which a cell doubles its organelles & cytoplasm, replicates its DNA & then divides in two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Interphase (mitosis)

A

a period of growth & chromosome replication

a cell spends 90% of its life time in interphase

17
Q

G1 phase

A

the phase that initiates interphase
the active growth phase & can vary in length
the cell increases in size & synthesizes proteins
the length of the G1 phase determines the length of the entire cycle

18
Q

S phase

A

the period of DNA synthesis

19
Q

G2 phase

A

the cell prepares to divide

it grows & synthesizes proteins

20
Q

M phase

A

the last phase of the cell cycle
this is where mitosis or meiosis occurs
results in 2 or 4 non-identical daughter cells

21
Q

Mitosis

A

the division & distribution of the cell’s DNA to its two daughter cells such that each cell receives a complete copy of its original genome
takes place in somatic cells

22
Q

Prophase (mitosis)

A

the chromosomes condense & the centriole pairs separate & move toward the opposite poles of the cell

23
Q

Metaphase (mitosis)

A

the centriole pairs are now at opposite poles of the cell
the fibers of the spindle apparatus attach to each chromatid & its corresponding kinetochere (protein location)
the spindle fibers align the chromosomes @ the center of the cell, forming the metaphase plate

24
Q

Anaphase (mitosis)

A

the centrioles split so that each chromatid has its own distinct centrome, allowing sister chromatids to separate
The sister chromatids are pulled toward the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening spindle fibers

25
Q

Cytokinesis (mitosis)

A

division into two daughter cells each with a complete nucleus & its own set of organelles

26
Q

Meiosis

A

similar to mitosis, but produces haploid cells (halving the # of chromosomes)
involves two divisions of primary sex cells resulting in four haploid cells called gametes

27
Q

Interphase (meiosis)

A

the parent cell’s chromosomes are replicated, resulting in the 2N number of sister chromatid

28
Q

Prophase I (meiosis)

A

chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle forms, & the nucleoli & nuclear membrane disappears

29
Q

synapsis

A

homologous chromosomes come together & intertwince

30
Q

tetrad

A

2 sister chromatids - contain 4 chromatids

31
Q

crossing over

A

when chromosomes exchange equivalent pieces of DNA (cannot occur with sister chromatids)

32
Q

chiasmata

A

the points of contact between homologous chromosomes where crossing over can occur

33
Q

Metaphase I (meiosis)

A

homologous pairs align at the equatorial plane & each pair attaches to a separate spindle fiber at the kinetochere

34
Q

Anaphase I (meiosis)

A

the homologous pairs separate & are pulled to opposite poles of the cell (disjunction)
mother chromatid forms a daughter chromatid

35
Q

nondisjunction

A

occurs when cells do no separate appropriately during meiosis, results in the daughter cells having an incorrect # of chromosomes

36
Q

Telophase I (meiosis)

A

a nuclear membrane forms around each new nucleus

37
Q

second meiotic division

A

chromosomes align at the equator, separate & move to opposite poles & are surrounded by a re-formed nuclear membrane

Biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions