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taxonomy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what ribosime is in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cell

A

eukaryotic: 80s
prokaryotic: 70s

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2
Q

in prokaryotic flagella are made of:

A

flagellin

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3
Q

in eukaryotic flagella are made of:

A

tubulin

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4
Q

are introns in prokaryotic cells?

A

no

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5
Q

whats a saprophytes

A

live off dead and decompose

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6
Q

whats a heterotroph

A

gets its energy from oganic molecules produced by autotrophs

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7
Q

whats a autotroph

A

creates their own organic molecules

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8
Q

what are two types of autotrophes

A

photautotrophs - use light

chemoautotrphs- use inorganic molecules

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9
Q

a parasite is a (autotroph/heterotroph. chemoautotrophs)

A

heterotroph

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10
Q

a spirophyte is a (autotroph/heterotroph. chemoautotrophs)

A

heterotroph

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11
Q

what is obligate anaerobes

A

needs to be away from oxygen

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12
Q

what is obligate aerobes

A

needs oxygen

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13
Q

what is facultative anaerobe

A

it grows in oxygen but does not need it for some metabolism ( anaerobic)

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14
Q

methanogens, thermophiles and halophiles are what type of domain

A

archea

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15
Q

what is a methanogen

A

anaerobes, produce methane, found in gi tract

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16
Q

what is a thermophile

A

heat lovers, chemoautotrophs

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17
Q

a thermophile is a (autotroph/heterotroph. chemoautotrophs)

A

chemoautotrophs

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18
Q

what is a halophile

A

salt lovers

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19
Q

halophyle is part of what domain

A

archea

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20
Q

what is the difference between the cell walls of eubacteria and archea

A

archea has no peptidoglycan and eubacteria are made up of peptidoglycan

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21
Q

what is the difference between the dna in eubacteria and archea and eukarya

A

archea and eukarya have histone proteins and eubacteria do not

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22
Q

endospors are present in which domain

A

eubacteria

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23
Q

cocccus bacteria belongs to what domain

A

eubacteria

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24
Q

a thick peptidoglycan is on a gram (+/-)

A

+

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25
Q

a thin peptidoglycan is on a gram (+/-)

A

-

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26
Q

lipopolysacharides are on a gram (+/-)

A

-

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27
Q

teichoic acid is in gram (+/-)

A

+

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28
Q

no lipopolysacharides on a gram (+/-)

A

+

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29
Q

what are cyanobacteria & what domain are they apart of

A

eubacteria they are photosynthetic

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30
Q

nitrogen fixing and nitrifying bacteria are part of what domain

A

eubacteria

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31
Q

what type of recombination is only for prokaryotic cells

A

transduction

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32
Q

what is conjugation

A

it is when the bacterial cell transfers a plasmid via a pilus to another cell

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33
Q

what is a pilus

A

the thing used in conjugation to insert a new plasmid

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34
Q

what is transduction

A

when a virus inserts its dna into a bacteria

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35
Q

what is transformation

A

it is when a bacteria finds a plasmid and picks it up

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36
Q

retrovirus uses ________ during the lytic stage to make DNA from RNA

A

reverse transcriptase

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37
Q

when a virus hides out it is in its ________ stage

A

lysogenic stage

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38
Q

Protists live in

A

wet environments

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39
Q

are protist uni or multicellular

A

they can be both

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40
Q

what is a dinoflagellate? what domain and kingdom

A

plant like protist Eukarya, - unicellular plant like protist causes red tide parasitic and are both heterotrophic and autotrophic

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41
Q

what is euglenoids? what domain and kingdom

A

plant like protist eukarya- found in fresh water unicellulare that clump together

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42
Q

what is a diatom?what domain and kingdom

A

plant like protist eukarya- found in fresh and marine clump together and have cool shapes

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43
Q

is algea uni or multicellular

A

they can be both

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44
Q

what is chlorophyta and what kingdome and domain does it belong to?

A

plant like protista kingdom and eukarya domain

it it green algea

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45
Q

is chlorophyta unicellular or multicellular

A

both

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46
Q

is rhodophyta unicellular or multicellular

A

multicellular

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47
Q

what is rhodophyta and what kingdome and domain does it belong to?

A

it is red algea that is multicellular eukarya domain plant like pritista

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48
Q

fungus like protists are made (with or without) chitin

A

without

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49
Q

fungus like protist are considered (autotroph/heterotroph/chemoautotrophs)

A

hereotrophs

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50
Q

which produce fungi fungus like protist or fungi?

A

both

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51
Q

are protozoa unicellular or multicellular

A

unicellular

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52
Q

are animal like protist (autotroph/heterotroph/chemoautotrophs)

A

herterotrophic

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53
Q

what is a foraminifera

A

they make a shell and live in the bottom of the ocean and are part of animal like protists

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54
Q

nonfilamentous fungi is a type of what kingdom? What domain? is it unicellular or multicellular

A

kingdom : fungi
domain: eukarya
unicellular

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55
Q

filamentous fungi is a type of what kingdom? What domain? is it unicellular or multicellular

A

kingdom : fungi
domain: eukarya
multicellular

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56
Q

what is hyphae

A

roots of a fungi (filamentous fungi)

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57
Q

is hyphae part of filamentous or nonfilamentous

A

filamentous

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58
Q

what is coenocytic hyphae

A

hyphae that does no seperate and are multinucleated

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59
Q

what is plasmogamy

A

when two hyphaw combine

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60
Q

what is karyogamy

A

when the nuclei combine to make diploid

61
Q

what produces a diploid (plasmogamy of karyogamy)

A

karyogamy

62
Q

what fungi can go under sexual reproduction (nonfilamentous or filamentous)

A

filamentous

63
Q

mycota is ……

A

fungus

64
Q

what is lichens

A

mutualistic relationship of fungi and algea

fungi protects algae and algea provides sugarfrom photosynthesis

65
Q

what is mycorrhiza

A

mutualistic relationship between fungi and roots of plants

66
Q

what is the symmetry of cnidaria

A

radial

67
Q

what is the symmetry of porifera

A

asymmetrical

68
Q

what are the two deuterostomes phyla

A

echinodermata chordata

69
Q

what phyla is a sea sponge

A

porifera

70
Q

what phyla is a jellyfish

A

cnidaria

71
Q

what phyla is a flatworm

A

platyhelminthes

72
Q

what phyla is a flat worms?

what phyla is a round worm?

A

what phyla is a flat worm: platy helminthes

what phyla is a round worm? nematoda

73
Q

what phyla is an earth worm?

A

annelida

74
Q

what phyla is a crab

A

arthropoda crustacea

75
Q

what phyla is a starfish

A

echinodermata

76
Q

what phyla is a cat

A

chordata

77
Q

how many times does mitosis occur in alteration of generation and when do they occur

A
  1. spores turn into gametophyte and 2. zygote turns into sporcyte
78
Q

RE: ALGAE …. what kingdom does plant like — belong to?

what about blue green algae

A

plant like protist -

blue green algae - bacteria

79
Q

Thalophytes

  • Body?
  • vascular?
  • Seeds?
A
  • Body? no body
  • vascular? no
  • Seeds? no
  • flower? no
80
Q

Byrophyte

  • Body?
  • vascular?
  • Seeds?
  • flower?
A
  • Body? yes
  • vascular? no
  • Seeds? no
  • flower? no
81
Q

Tracheophytes

  • Body?
  • vascular?
  • Seeds?
  • flower?
A
  • Body? yes
  • vascular? yes
  • Seeds? seeds and seedless
  • flower? flowers and non flowers
82
Q

Gymnosperm

  • Body?
  • vascular?
  • Seeds?
  • flower?
A
  • Body? yes
  • vascular? yes
  • Seeds? yes
  • flower? no
83
Q

Angiosperm

  • Body?
  • vascular?
  • Seeds?
  • flower?
A
  • Body? yes
  • vascular? yes
  • Seeds? yes
  • flower? yes
84
Q

what is a mono cot

A

a type of angiosperm, parralle veins flowers of 3

85
Q

what is a dicotylcot

A

a type of angiosperm, net light veins ringed vasculature

86
Q

what has a ring like vasculature mono or dicotylcot

A

dicotylcot

87
Q

is blue green algae a type of protista or bactera

A

bacteria

88
Q

Parazoa

does it have tissues

A

No

89
Q

metazoa

does it have tissue

A

yes

90
Q

Diploblast are radial or bilateral

A

radial

91
Q

what is a coelom

A

space inbetween mesoderm or mesoderm and endoderm

92
Q

Eucoelomae vs pseudocoelomate

A

eucoelamate has coelom fully covered by mesoderm and pseudocoelomate is not fully covered but is in between meso and endoderm

93
Q

what is acoelomate

A

does not have a coelom

94
Q

gastovascular cavity is found in 2 way or one way digestive tract

A

2 way

95
Q

Enbrionic development, put in order …. gastula, morula, blastula, zygote

A

zygote, morula, blastula, gastula

96
Q

what is dioecious

A

when there are two genders female or male

97
Q

what is monoecious

A

when there is one gender both femal and male

98
Q 
Porifer
metazoa or parazoa
what its symetry
sexual or asexual
monoeciou or dioecios
A

parazoa
asymetric
both asexual and sexual
monoecios (hermapherdite)

99
Q

what is sessile

A

it is when it does not move

100
Q 
cnidaria
metazoa or parazoa
diploblase or triploblast
eucoelomate or acoelomate
whats its symmetry
sexual or a sexual
A 
metazoa
diploblast 
no coelum
radial symmetry 
both sexual and asexual
101
Q

what is cnidocytes

A

it is found in the stinging of cnidaria

102
Q

what is nematocysts

A

string like structure in the stinging of cnidiara

103
Q 
platyhelminth
metazoa or parazoa
diploblast or triploblast
eucoelomate or acoelomate
monoeicios or dioecios 
cephalization?
2 or single way digestive system
A 
metazoa
triploblast
acoelomate
moneiciou
cephalization
2 way
104
Q

what is protonephridia. what phylum is it found in

A

helps with excreation found in platyhelminth and rotifera

105
Q

what is flame cells

A

flame cells help with osmosis in excretion of platyhelminth and rotifera

106
Q

what has a exoskeleton cuticle helmyths or nematoda

A

nematoda

107
Q

what is ecdysis

A

the process of removing exoskeleton cuticle

108
Q 
Nematoda
metazoa or parazoa
diploblast or triploblast
eucoelomate or acoelomate or psuedoceolomate
reproduction?
cephalization?
2 or single way digestive system
A 
metazoa
triploblase
pseudobelomate
a wide range of reproduction
no cephalization 
1 way digestion (mouth and anus)
109
Q 
rotofera
metazoa or parazoa
diploblast or triploblast
eucoelomate or acoelomate or psuedoceolomate
reproduction?
cephalization?
2 or single way digestive system
A 
metazoa
triploblast
psuedoceolomate
a wide range of reproduction
cephalization
single way digestion
110
Q

what is a corona and what phylum is it found in

A

cilia sweeps food in the mouth, found in rotifera

111
Q 
Mollusca 
metazoa or parazoa
diploblast or triploblast
eucoelomate or acoelomate or psuedoceolomate
protostome or dueterostome
reproduction?
cephalization?
2 or single way digestive system
respiratory system?
A 
metazoa
triploblast
protosome
dueterstome
mixed reproduction
some cephalization
single way digestive system
respiratory system
112
Q

what is a visceral mass and what phylum is it found in

A

its the thing that hold the organs it is in the mollusca

113
Q

what is radula

A

it is the tongue with bistles

114
Q

what is the mantle

A

it is the shell

115
Q

cephalopod is what kind of animal - give example

A

squid or octipus

116
Q

gastropod is what kind of animal - give example

A

snail

117
Q

what is a hemocel

A

hemocel is a circulatory system that lets your organs bathe in blood

118
Q

bivalve is what kind of animal - give example

A

clam

119
Q

which has an open circulatory system (cephalopod, gastropod, bivalve)

A

gastropod and bivalve

120
Q

these kind of germ layer are bilateral

A

triploblast

121
Q

these kind of germ layers are radial

A

diploblast

122
Q

what is the largest phyla in the animal kingdom

A

arthopods

123
Q

whats tagmata

A

segmenting body arthopods

124
Q

whats a nymph

A

when the animal grows from small to large (no metamorphosis)

125
Q

what is malpigiantubules

A

helps with filtering hymolyph and excretes uric acid

126
Q

what are green glands and what animal are they found in

A

they help filter hymolymph in crustaceans

127
Q

what is spiracles and what animal is it found in

A

they are holes in the exoskeloton

128
Q

what do podocytes do for echinoderm

A

filter blood

129
Q

water vascular system is exclusively found in what phylum

A

echinoderms

130
Q

water vascular system is exclusively found in what phylum

A

echinoderms

131
Q

Urochordatas live where

A

bottom of ocean

132
Q

cephalochordates live where

A

bottom of the ocean

133
Q

what are tunics and what is it made of

A

tunics are a covering that is made of carbs

134
Q

in vertebrates
notochord replaced by ________
dorsal hollow nerve chorde replaced by

A

notochord replaced by ____vertebrate____

dorsal hollow nerve chorde replaced by____ central nervous system___

135
Q

what is viviparous

A

baby in mom

136
Q

what is oviparous

A

baby in egg

137
Q

what is ovoiviparous

A

baby in egg in mom

138
Q

what has 2 chambered hearts?
3 chamber?
4chamer?

A

2……
-fish
3…..
-reptile and amphibians
4….
fish and mamals

139
Q

what are lateral lines and in what animal are they found

A

fish

140
Q

what is a swim bladder

A

filled sacs of air in fish

141
Q

what is a coaco

A

all in 1 for reproduction, excretion, and digestive system

142
Q

what is a chorion

A

it is in an egg and used for gas exchange

143
Q

what is albumen

A

cushion for the egg

144
Q

what is allantois

A

wast for the egg

145
Q

what is amnion

A

covering of baby in egg

146
Q

whats a monotreme

A

has babys with egg but nurses

147
Q

whats a monotreme

A

has babys with egg but nurses

148
Q

whats a granum

A

stack of thylocoids

149
Q

whats glyoxysome

A

peroxisomes found in plants

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