Taste and Olfaction

Question 1

Receptor cells are located here

Answer 1

surface of tongue, soft palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

Question 2

Tongue contains these types of papillae

Answer 2

Filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate

Question 3

Filiform

Answer 3

No taste buds;

Function for touch, pain, and temperature

Question 4

Fungiform

Answer 4

anterior part of tongue

Question 5

circumvallate

Answer 5

posterior tongue, in an inverted v

Question 6

foliate

Answer 6

in trenches on sides of posterior tongue

Question 7

Taste buds located in these 3 types of papillae

Answer 7

Circumvallate, foliate, fungiform

Question 8

Supertasters may have this

Answer 8

Increased oncentration of fungiform papillae

Question 9

Microvilli contain these receptors

Answer 9

Ionotropic (Na salt, H sour), and metabotropic (sweet cAMP, bitter IP3, umami G protein)

Question 10

Taste reception modulated by these local peptides

Answer 10

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and its receptor released from taste cells

• Increases sensitivity to sweet
• Decreases sensitivity for umami
• associated with intestinal activity

Question 11

Three cranial nerves that taste arises from

Answer 11

Facial VII, Glossopharyngeal IX, and Vagus X

Question 12

Cranial nerve associated with which parts of tongue
Facial VII-
Glossopharyngeal IX-
Vagus-

Answer 12

Facial VII- anterior 2/3
Glossopharyngeal IX- posterior 1/3
Vagus X- palate and epiglottis

Question 13

Taste neurons project to ____________ in medulla

Answer 13

solitary nucleus

Question 14

Gustatory cortex is located in the

Answer 14

insula of the solitary nucleus

Question 15

Insula’s function

Answer 15

taste discriminationi (primary gustatory cortex)

Question 16

Orbitofrontal cortex functions for this

Answer 16

integrates taste, olfaction, and vision

-appreciation of flavor, food reward, and the control of feeding

Question 17

The orbitofrontal cortex receives input from

Answer 17

The insula

Question 18

Receptors of the olfactory are located

Answer 18

In the upper regions of the nasal cavity

Question 19

CN1 Olfactory have axons here

Answer 19

On the cribiform plate.

Question 20

Smell gets lost because epithelium loses this ability

Answer 20

Stem cells do not replicate, or they die off

Question 21

Bulb mitral cells are specific for

Answer 21

odorants

Question 22

Olfactory bulb projects to

Answer 22

Primary olfactory (piriform) cortex

Question 23

Primary cortex sends a signal to the

Answer 23

Limbic system (emotion and memory)

Question 24

Piriform Primary olfactory cortex allows for this type of consciousness of odors

Answer 24

Singular and Habituation

Question 25

Singularity of odor perception means this

Answer 25

Can perceive one odor at a time

Question 26

Habituation in piriform cortex and olfactory bulb

Answer 26

Detects new odorants against background of other odorants. This is a rapid reduction in olfactory response

Question 27

This area is for emotionally based associative learning of odors

Answer 27

Amygdala

Question 28

Aromas reaching this part of the brain influence cognition and emotion

Answer 28

amygdala/hippocampus

Question 29

Hippocampus/ entorhinal cortex allows for this memory

Answer 29

Episodic long term memory

Question 30

Piriform cortex and amygdala project to

Answer 30

Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 31

The orbitofrontal cortex is associated with

Answer 31

emotion and associative learning, subjetive opinion on odor

Question 32

Insulin can get to the brain via

Answer 32

intranasal infusion