Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organ Systems III > Neuroanatomy overview > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy overview Flashcards

1
Q

what hormones differentiate dorsal and ventral axes?

A

Sonic hedgehog forms notocord. Bone morphogenetic protein from the ectoderm initiates formation of roof plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) is excitatory, Shh is ____________

A

inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Interaction of BMP and Shh cause this

A

Segmentation. Shh inhibits formation that BMP begins. This results in a segmentation of the neural tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dorsal is ___________. Ventral is __________.

A
  1. Sensory

2. Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secondary neurulation forms this part of the spinal cord

A

Sacral portion. This is also derived from mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary neurulation is derived from _____________

A

Ectoderm. Affects the neuropore.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neural tube closes beginning ith this part

A

The neural plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Incomplete closure of the ___________ causes spina bifida

A

Caudal neuropore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Anencephaly is failure of __________. This neural tube derivative does not grow.

A
  1. Wave 2 closure. No skull, and no cerebral hemispheres.

2. Telencephalon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spina bifida is prevented by _____________

A

Folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hindbrain (medulla and pons) is composed of _______

A

Myelencephalon and metencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Midrain neural tube derivative

A

Mesencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus neural tube derivative

A

Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cerebral hemisphere neural tube derivative

A

Telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neural tube forms into the _________ and _____________

A
  1. Spinal canal

2. Ventricular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cephalic flexure forms this

A

Optical axes perpendicular to vertebral column and the cranial base flexion. This is an adaptation so our eyes are looking in the direction that allows us to function as upright beings. This is so the brain can adapt to our upright posture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pontine flexure forms this

A

Areas of the 4th ventricle. This allows for the formation of the cerebellum

18
Q

Grey matter is divided into these three things

A

Sensory (dorsal), autonomic (intermediate), and motor areas (ventral).

19
Q

Dorsal (sensory) horn is differentiated in _____

A

Rexed’s lamina

20
Q

Afferents convey this to lamina 1-5

A

tactile, proprioceptive, pain, and temperature sensations

21
Q

Dorsal column is composed by these upward bands of axons

A

Fasciculus graciis and fasciculus cuneatus

22
Q

Three segments of white matter of spinal cord

A
  1. Dorsal funiculus
  2. Lateral funiculus
  3. Ventral funiculus
23
Q

Lateral funiculus contains this

A

The anterolateral system. Downward direction axons of corticospinal tract makes your muscles move.

24
Q

Ventral funiculus contains this

A

Propriospinal tract. Reticulospinal tract has descending axons that go into grey matter. The anterior corticospinal tract is similar to lateral corticospinal tract in which….?

25
Q

This connects the cerebellum and pons

A

Cerebellar peduncles

26
Q

Midrain is composed of these 4 things

A
  1. Substantia nigra (dopamine)
  2. Periaqueductal grey
  3. Superior and Inferior Colliculi
  4. Red nucleus
27
Q

The function of the periaqueductal grey

A

Regulates pain and stress responses

28
Q

Colliculi function

A

Superior looks; inferior listens

29
Q

Midbrain’s cerebral peduncle contains these

A

Sensory and motor pathways to and from spinal cord, brain stem and cortex

30
Q

Diencephalon contains these regions

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (pineal gland)

31
Q

Thalamus conveys this information

A

Sensory

32
Q

This connects to the diencephalon (hypothalamus portion)

A

Pituitary gland- considered a portion of the diencephalon (just posterior pituitary)

33
Q

Thalamus function

A

nuclei process and distribute sensory and motor information to and from cerebral cortex

34
Q

This pathway that allows the cortex to focus on certain sensory stimuli

A

VMpo ????

35
Q

Anterior pituitary communicates to hypothalamus by this

A

Blood. Posterior pituitary communicates by a direct neural connection

36
Q

Anterior pituitary is derived from

A

Ectoderm- part of the stomadeum

37
Q

Posterior pituitary is derived from

A

Neural tube ?????

38
Q

Prefrontal cortex functions

A

Ideation: decision making from experiental circumstance

39
Q

Reticular formation occurs this way

A

Sensory input projects to the cortex, limbic structures, and spinal cord arousal. Stimulated by all sensory stimulation

40
Q

Limbic system is composed of this

A
  1. Prefrontal area (orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus)
  2. Temporal area (parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, amygdala)
  3. Ventral striatum (ventral basal ganglia, nucleus accumbens)
41
Q

White matter bundles interconnects these cortical reions

A

Superior longitudinal and occipitofrontal fasciculi, arcuate fibers, corpus callosum

Organ Systems III (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions